252 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Jacoby he stated that though, when the pupa first appeared, it was 

 always of the green form, it had also, if it was going to be a dark one, 

 from the moment of its appearance a few very minute subdorsal and 

 sublateral darli spots, and a little darkening of the anal end. The 

 darkening began to spread in an hour or two, and at an ordinary 

 temperature was complete in much less than twenty-four hours. 

 Whether the pupa was to be green or dark was determined by the 

 surroundings to which it had been exposed before it had cast off the 

 larval skin, and, if it was going to be a dark one, the dark colouring 

 came on exactly the same in complete darkness as in light. — Sir G. F, 

 Hampson exhibited specimens of a moth belonging to the subfamily 

 Hydrocampinse of the Pyralidfe : OUgustigma araalis, Hampson, from 

 Ceylon, where his correspondent, Mr. J. Pole, had met with a swarm 

 on an island in a river which he estimated at 20,000. When disturbed 

 the buzz made by their wings was quite audible, and after three waves 

 of the net 236 specimens were bottled from round its edges, the net 

 still appearing quite full ; as in the some thirty specimens sent the sexes 

 were in almost even proportions, this was not a case of male assemblage. 

 He also exhibited cleared wings, showing the neuration of Diacrissia 

 russula, Tyria jacubcecB, Calliniorpha hera, and C. dominula, the two 

 former being typical Arctiadfe and agreeing with the definition of that 

 family in the costal vein of the hind wing anastomosing with the sub- 

 costal to half the length of the cell, whilst in the two latter and also in 

 the eight or ten other known species from the oriental region the costal 

 vein does not anastomose with the subcostal, but only connects with it 

 at a point. He contended that the genus Callimorpha should therefore 

 be removed from the Arctiadae and placed in the Hypsidse, where it is 

 closely allied to Nyctemera, Callarctia and other genera, and that the 

 fully-developed proboscis, the non-pectinate antennae, the smoother 

 scaling, the more diurnal habit, and the larvffi being scantily clothed 

 with hair, all bore out the correctness of this association, — Dr. 

 , Chapman exhibited a portion of a stem of Ferula communis from He 

 St. Marguerite, near Cannes, showing pupa-cases oi Lozopera francillo- 

 nana. The larva feeds in the flower-heads and seeds, and burrows into 

 the stem for hybernation. It does so anywhere, but in the majority of 

 cases under the protection of the great sheathing petioles at the lower 

 joints. As many as thirty or forty and even fifty holes of entry may 

 often be counted immediately above one node. When the larva pierces 

 the stem it is full grown, and the entry holes are as large as or larger 

 than those of exit. Dr. Chapman doubted whether it eats any of the 

 material when it is freshest at the date of entry. The burrows in the 

 stem are full of bitten but undigested material. These burrows proceed 

 in all directions, but most frequently upwards, for several inches, often 

 as much as eight or ten inches, and then approach the surface, and the 

 burrowing appears to go on all winter. In February and March larvae 

 may be found that have not completed their burrows. On completion 

 the burrow approaches the surface, and the opening is of full calibre, 

 but a delicate film of tissue is left to be ruptured by the emerging pupa. 

 On the specimen exhibited about a dozen empty pupa-cases protruded, 

 and it was noticeable that they all faced downwards. This was in a 

 sense accidental. The larva burrowing upwards makes the final por- 

 tion of the burrow curved. The pupa, as in most Tortrices, is also 



