100° THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
In Stainton’s ‘Manual’ the description of T. crepuscularia 
and 7’. lariciaria (biundularia) are so much alike that it is difficult 
to say which is meant; but if anything, I should say 7’. lariciaria 
is given as the browner species, and thus agrees with Newman’s 
T. crepuscularia. This is borne out by the date of appearance, 
which is given as the end of March to the beginning of May, 
which time agrees with the appearance of Newman's T’. crepuscu- 
laria in our woods. He further states, under the head of 
T. crepuscularia, ‘‘appears April and beginning of May,” 
showing that nothing was apparently known then of our end of 
May or early June species, or if so that this was meant for 
the late species. 
T cannot help thinking, that with such a mixture as this to 
start with, it is any wonder that even good entomologists go 
wrong. Newman describes the early species, and gives April as 
its date only (no mention of its being double-brooded); he then 
describes the late one, and gives the date for this also as April, 
and again in July, making this the double-brooded species. It 
seems to me quite clear that his description applies to a moth 
which does not generally occur until the middle of May, and 
which, so far as I know, is not double-brooded, but comes 
between the two broods of the closely-allied species, which he 
gives as single-brooded. 
The ‘Manual’ treats them both as single-brooded species, 
and leads us to believe that neither 7’. biundularia (lariciaria) or 
T. crepuscularia occur after the beginning of May. The fact is 
they both do,—the only brood of the later species, and the 
summer brood of the early one. If some older entomologist, who 
knows more about the matter than I do, can tell us whether we 
are right or wrong in calling the earlier and double-brooded 
species JT’. crepuscularia, and the single-brooded intermediate 
species J’. biundularia, or not, I am sure many entomologists 
besides myself would offer their hearty thanks. I have called the 
early species throughout crepuscularia, because in Mr. Coverdale’s 
collection I find German specimens, agreeing with our early 
ones, labelled Tephrosia crepuscularia ; and I have assumed that 
on the Continent the early brood is so known. 
Merrin’s ‘ Lepidopterist’s Calendar’ also assumes that the 
earlier species is 7’. crepuscularia, and the later one 7’. biundu- 
laria; and curiously enough he does not notice that either is 
