160 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
of T'. crepuscularia, and May and part of June for 7’. biundularia, 
the March and April imagos producing a second brood in July 
in the south (which is, I think, not an unusual thing with many 
early species). We have no second brood here that I am aware 
of, and if we take the standard works on Entomology, vwiz., 
Newman's, Stainton’s, &c., we know that they have been 
written with a southern experience of dates of emergence. Asa 
rule, we generally reckon here for the first four or five months at 
the beginning of the year a month later for our appearances and 
work, and as we take our specimens of 7’. biwndularia in early 
May (2nd), it will coincide with Mr. Tutt’s April appearance. 
Again Mr. Tutt says 7’. crepuscularia may be distinguished “ by 
its warm brown-grey markings, and 7’. biwndularia by its black 
lines being more sharply marked,” yet (Kntom. vi. 127) we have 
a record of a black T. crepuscularia taken 27th April, 1872, in 
Staffordshire. He adds that he has some beautiful varieties of 
T.. biundularia from this neighbourhood and Derby.” Now I do 
not think Mr. Tutt’s a fair test, because when one takes an insect 
commonly one usuaily sends a friend the pick of the lot. One 
would not think of sending him, say the pale brown or very in- 
distinctly marked specimens, but good, clear, well-defined marked 
ones. What one wants to look at is a number of all shades, such 
as we take here, varying from brown, pale and indistinctly 
marked, and well-defined and sharply and clearly marked, to 
grey and suffused ones, nearly black, without markings; then 
we have a better guide. It is not fair to pick them out and 
call the brown-grey marked ones TJ’. crepuscularia and the 
black lined ones J’. biundularia. I have taken the second 
brood of this species in the New Forest in July—smaller, of 
course—and had specimens sent from the south, but still I 
fail to separate them, or see any perceptible difference from 
my own, and my series is not divided even now. To attempt 
to separate them by the figures in ‘Newman’s Moths’ is a 
hopeless and difficult task. I got so mixed up with them that 
I finally give it up as a bad job. Perhaps Mr. Smallwood, like 
myself, does not possess that keen perception of these minute 
warm shades that other entomologists do; hence our difficulty. 
I think the best way to settle the difference would be for some 
of our able specialists in describing larvee to have both northern 
T. biundularia and southern T’. crepuscularia larve to rear and 
