214 Amials Entomological Society of America [Vol. X, 



without covering the surface and initiating mosquito breeding 

 over large areas. 



Accordingly, since 1913 new drainage has been planned to 

 open not merely the places in which breeding has been found but 

 all parts of the marsh, which are not swept at frequent intervals 

 by the tide. Furthermore, since 1914 the areas on which the 

 narrow trenching with its outlets failed to afford protection, 

 have been placed under dike, sluice and tide gates as rapidly 

 as possible. 



Some salt marsh areas in the Hackensack Valley lie so low 

 that their drainage by gravity flow is impracticable and they 

 have in some instances become so charged with sewage as to 

 breed the house mosquitoes as well as the salt marsh forms. 

 In such places low head centrifugal pumps are being installed 

 as rapidly as possible. A twelve inch pump of this type seems 

 to be able to protect from 800 to 1,000 acres of land. 



In the course of this diking, sluicing, and pumping work 

 the problem of taking care of the sewage has presented itself. 

 As a rule the open sewage streams have been arranged to open 

 into tidal creeks, with a result that the ditches and creeks 

 have soon become choked up and the raw sewage spread over 

 large areas of the marsh. The plan adopted has been one of 

 diking the borders of these sewage charged ditches and creeks, 

 thereby causing the sewage to be carried out to sea by gravity, 

 and to outlet the waters of the marsh either through sluices 

 or by pumps into the sewage charged streams or other available 

 outlets. Inasmuch as the city and borough engineers have 

 usually planned to outlet their sewers into the best tidal streams 

 of the areas in question it has been necessary as well as to 

 deliver the marsh water through them. 



ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE OF MOSQUITO DISTRIBUTION. 



The method of determining the flight of salt marsh 

 mosquitoes formerly practiced consisted in securing of reports 

 from cooperating observers relative to the time when the 

 mosquitoes arrive, and in efforts to follow their flights along 

 trolley and railroad lines. With the advent of the automobile 

 as a common means of transportation tracing the flight of 

 salt marsh mosquitoes became a simple matter. In a day's 

 time a freshly emerged brood could be traced to its source, 

 and the basis promptly laid for the prevention of further 



