1917] Phytogeny of the Etateridce 2Ab 



The larvae of the Elateridae, as here restricted, are dis- 

 tinguished by the following characters: (1) The lower mouth- 

 parts inserted, that is to say, the hypostoma strongly curved 

 caudad and the maxillary stipes and cardo inserted far behind 

 the mandibular articulation. (2) Labrum not defined; it may 

 be aborted or it may be fused with the post-labrum and front 

 into the nasal lobe. (3) Spiracles of the biforian type. (4) 

 Three-jointed antennae. (5) Well-developed thoracic legs. 

 (6) Unguiform tarsi. (7) Tenth segment ventrocephalad 

 to the ninth. (8) No cerci. (9j Mandibles not perforate as 

 in some Lampyridae, etc. 



Schiodte, using larval characters, divided the Elateridae, 

 in which he also included our present families Cebrionidse and 

 Eucnemidae, into two main groups, basing his conclusions on 

 the presence or absence of anal armature. Group 1 contained 

 the Eucnemidae and group 2 the Elateridae and Cebrionidae. 

 He subdivided his Elateridae, in the narrow sense, into main 

 divisions A and B, the former embracing Cardiophorus, Chat- 

 colepidius, Ataiis, Agrypnus and Lacon; the latter the remainder 

 of the family as known to him, including the Cebrionidae. With 

 the exception of the genus Cardiophorus, I include all the genera 

 of his division A in my tribe Pyrophorini. He separated his second 

 division into categories on the shape of the ninth abdominal 

 segment. The first of these categories, those species without 

 posteriorly directed paired prongs, includes the genera which I 

 refer to my subfamily Elaterinae, and the second, in which occur 

 manifestly paired prongs on the ninth abdominal segment, 

 includes the genera referred to the tribe Lepturoidini of my 

 subfamily Pyrophorini. 



Henriksen follows Schiodte in using the presence or the 

 absence of anal armature to primarily subdivide the Elateridae 

 into the tribes Agrypnini and Elaterini. This division is not 

 at all natural as it widely separates such manifestly closely 

 related forms as Limonius and Ludius Esch. (which we have been 

 erroneously calling Corymbites) and brings together such 

 distinct tribes as the Steatoderini and Athouini. A much more 

 natural division is based upon the depressed body, visible 

 and membraneous pleural areas, and emarginate ninth abdom- 

 inal segment; in contrast with the cylindrical, highly chitinized 

 body, concealed pleurae, and entire ninth abdominal segment. 



