1917] Phylogeny of the Elateridce 253 



arranged in two rows, three in the upper and four in the lower 

 row. The mandibles are simple and the armature of the 

 tenth abdominal segment consists of accessory spines in addi- 

 tion to the anal hooks, found in all the tribe Pyrophorini. 

 The subtribe Monocrepidina is characterized in the larval 

 stage by the triangular submentum; tridentate "nasale;" 

 simple mandibles; decidedly reduced anal armature. This 

 last character showing a transition from the highly complex 

 armature of the tenth abdominal segment of the Chalcolepidina 

 and Hemirrhipina to the unarmed tenth abdominal segment 

 of the Lepturoidini. The adults are characterized by the 

 broadened posterior coxee, and convex front, which are excep- 

 tional characters in this tribe. 



The first subtribe of the Lepturoidini, the Athouina, includes 

 Athous, Limonius, Pheletes, etc. The adults have the anterior 

 carina of the front well developed, the posterior coxee but 

 slightly broadened inwardly, and the tarsal claws simple. 

 The second subtribe, the Ludiina, includes the genera Crypto- 

 hypnus, Hypnoidus, Litdius (Corymbites auct.) Hemicrepidius, 

 etc. The genus Cryptohypnus is exceptional in that the cubital 

 cross vein is absent. The subtribe Lepturoidina includes those 

 members of the old tribe Campylidini which are closely related to 

 the genus Campylus as distinguished from those of the Oestodes 

 tribe. The three subtribes of the Lepturoidini are not as yet 

 separable on larval characters. 



Elaterin^. 



The second subfamily, the Elaterinae, is characterized by 

 having the larvae (Fig. 6) cylindrical or subcylindrical in 

 general form, the ninth abdominal segment never emarginate, 

 and the pleural areas always concealed or decidedly reduced; 

 the adults have the front usually convex, the "plaque nasale" 

 narrow when present, and the antennal fossae large. This sub- 

 family is divided into five tribes: the first, the Steatoderini, 

 includes Sericosomus, Trichophorus, Orthostethus, etc. The 

 larvae (Fig. 6) have the ninth abdominal segment smoothly 

 ellipsoidal and the tenth abdominal segment extremely small. 



