NOTES ON THE GENUS LYC^NA. 123 



spots and a submargiiial row ; discoidal spot white ; a marginal 

 orange band between two rows of black spots. Female brown ; 

 bluish at the base. Fore wings with a discoidal black spot, and 

 an indistinct marginal brownisli band on the fore wings. Hind 

 wings with a marginal orange band spotted with bhick. The 

 under side much resembles that of L. bavins. Habitat, 

 Samarkand." — ' Rhopalocera Europee.' 



Comment on these last two forms of eros would necessitate 

 reference to some other insects closel}^ allied thereto, and which 

 are considered distinct species. This would take me beyond the 

 limit of my present purpose. 



The resemblance between the females of the six species more 

 directly considered in these notes is exceedingly close, and this 

 fact alone should go far to convince anyone, who may be sceptical 

 on the point, that all are descended from a common stock. But 

 the males also have many identical characters, and are, moreover, 

 intimately connected one with another by their several varieties. 

 Giving full significance to both these facts, I am inclined to 

 suppose that not only have all the six been developed from the 

 same stock, but that they have been developed in a single line of 

 descent. Although the type forms of male corydon and bellargus 

 are distinct enough, we have seen that there are local forms of 

 each which are not so readily separated. Such forms closely 

 associate the two insects, and, in conjunction with the further 

 fact of the larvffi of both being almost exactly identical, establishes 

 their blood-relationship. Then we have male icarus with bellargus 

 colour on the one hand, and others with black spots on the hind 

 margins of inferior wings. These spots are found in males of 

 both bellargus and liylas, but are not constant in either species, 

 and the normal colour of hijlas is close to that of bellargus. Thus 

 icarus, bellargus, and liijlas exhibit evidence of consanguinity. 

 Eros is associated with icarus by the ornamentation of its under 

 surface, and by the var. candalus. Male escheri, like the same 

 sex of icarus, varies in the coloration of its upper surface. 

 Sometimes its colour is like that of bellargus, but more frequently 

 it favours icarus, and there are often black spots on the hind 

 wings. The under-side colour of some examples approximates to 

 that of icarus, and in others to that of bellargus. 



In discussing the under-side ornamentation of tlie several 

 species, the occurrence of a white triangular dash or streak has 



