135 



ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES, CAPTURES, &c. 



Retarded emergence of Papilio machaon. — Having reared 

 a quantity of Papilio machaon from larvte, I can add my testimony 

 to the fact that a considerable percentage of the imagos do not 

 emerge until the second year. Occasionally thej^ do not emerge 

 for a period of three years, in which event they are nearly always 

 crippled. Whether this is the case in a state of nature it would 

 be very interesting to ascertain. — W. Harcourt Bath ; Ijady- 

 wood, Birmingham. 



Late appearance of Euchloe cardamines. — There have 

 been some notices of the late appearance of this insect (Entom. 

 63, 106). I think the insect is generally on the wing late in 

 June and early in July, but more frequently the late specimens 

 are females, and hence are overlooked. Males do not occur late 

 so frequently, but when they do occur they are so conspicuous 

 that the fact is at once noted. During the first week of July, 

 1881, I took half a dozen females, but never saw a male during 

 that time. The following July I took a male as late as the 16th, 

 but saw none after, either males or females. The latest dates I 

 have noticed since do not extend beyond the 8th of July, but I 

 find an occurrence in the July of each year, except 1886, when all 

 the cardamines I saw amounted to two. These were seen during 

 Whit-week. — J. W. Tutt ; Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Park, S.E. 



Vanessa antiopa with White Borders. — I am just in 

 receipt of the enclosed letter from my friend Mr. Wurzburger, of 

 Creuznach, Rh. Prussia, an enthusiastic collector of Lepidoptera, 

 relating to Vanessa antiopa. On seeing the specimens of this 

 butterfly, of which I have several in my collection, all of which 

 without doubt have been captured in Great Britain, and on my 

 remarking that many entomologists considered the white borders 

 which each possesses indicated a certain guarantee of their 

 genuineness, he seemed highly amused, and confirmed the feeling 

 I have always had myself, that the white borders had nothing to 

 do with the question. The enclosed letter is so interesting that 

 I forward it for publication to the ' Entomologist.' — S. J. Capper; 

 Huyton Park, Huyton, April 15, 1887. 



" Hereby I enclose two Vanessa antiopa (with white borders), 

 which, among others, I caught this morning near our town, at 



