322 THK ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the relative size of their bodies to their wings being so great ; but 

 a little practice, even with this family, will enable anyone, whose 

 *' fingers are not all thumbs," to overcome these drawbacks. 



In conclusion, insects should of course be set so that male 

 and female specimens face each other in the series. 



The accompanying outline woodcut of Gonepteryx rhamni will 

 serve to illustrate this particular method. 

 16, Little Grosvenor Street, W., October 14, 1887. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES, CAPTURES, &c. 



Vanessa antiopa at Balham. — On August 6th last my 

 brother and I had the pleasure of seeing V. antiopa near the 

 railway station ; it was only a few yards from us flying over a 

 freshly watered road ; its flight appeared quite diff'erent to any 

 other of our native butterflies. It alternately fluttered and 

 sailed over the road, and then turning sideways wheeled over 

 some palings at a brisk rate and disappeared. It looked par- 

 ticularly dark and glossy in the bright sunlight, and the hind 

 margins had a misty appearance. With regard to the colouring 

 of the borders of V. antiopa, in my opinion the white border is 

 due only to fading of the yellow, which colour is always present 

 in all freshly emerged specimens ; the white borders of those 

 which have been taken in England seem towards proving that 

 they are emigrants from other countries. — F. W. Frohawk; 

 Balham, S.W., November, 1887. 



Lyc.15NA corydon occurring off the Chalk. — A parallel case 

 to that mentioned by Dr. Kendall (Entom. 229) occurs to me, 

 and under somewhat similar conditions, viz., odd specimens of 

 L. corydon and plenty of Chrosis aleella (tesserana), &c., occurring 

 on the tertiary clay in Chattenden Woods, far removed from the 

 usual haunts of these species. I think the answer lies in the 

 fact that almost all the tertiary (Cainozoic) deposits of the 

 London Basin, in Kent, Essex, Surrey, Middlesex, &c., lie on 

 one or other of the cretaceous strata. In some cases the 

 ci'etaceous strata are at a great depth below the surface, and the 

 tertiaries are correspondingly thick ; but where the tertiaries, 

 owing to any cause (denudation or otherwise), are comparatively 



