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3.—A Revised Reference List of South African Non-marine 
Mollusca ; with Descriptions of New Species im the South 
African Musewm.—By M. Connouty. 
INTRODUCTION. 
LirTLE more than thirteen years have elapsed since the publication 
of Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby’s ‘‘ Contribution towards a Check- 
List of the Non-marine Molluscan Fauna of South Africa ”’ (Proce. 
Mal. Soc., 1898, iii., p. 166-184), which included all species then 
known south of the Tropic of Capricorn; and of Dr. Sturany’s 
“Catalog der... siidafrikanischen Land-und Siisswasser-Mol- 
lusken ’’ (Wien, 1898), in which he described several new forms, 
and listed, with few exceptions, all older ones which had been up to 
that date reported from south of the line roughly formed by the 
Zambesi and Kunene Rivers. 
In this short time, however, the number of non-marine shells 
known in South Africa has increased by nearly one-half, the 408 
species listed by Sturany having grown to 569, despite the fact that 
many forms then considered distinct have since been altogether 
expunged or placed in synonymy. 
No apology, therefore, is needed for the appearance of a revised 
reference list, and it only remains to add a few words of explanation 
as to special features introduced in the new work. 
At Dr. Péringuey’s desire, I have adopted Sturany’s more extended 
geographical boundaries. Although Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby’s 
invaluable series of articles in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. History has 
left comparatively little to be cleared up regarding the non-marine 
mollusca to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn, very little is known, 
conchologically, of much of the region just north of that limit, and 
the present list must necessarily leave much room for amplification 
in this direction. 
Very few South African non-marine fossils are yet known, and 
most of them were described in papers dealing also with recent 
shells, I have therefore included both recent and fossil species in 
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