Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 277 
C. fluminalis (Miill.) was described from the River Euphrates in 
1774, and consobrina, Calilaud (Voy. & Meroe, ii. pl. 61, f. 10, 11), 
from Egypt in 1823. 
C. radiata, Parr. and pusilla, Parr. (Abb. u. Beschr. ii. p. 78. pl. 11, 
4. f. 7), from Egypt, owe their origin to Philippi, 1846. 
In 1848, however, Krauss propounded the name africana, com- 
prising two South African varieties, olivacea and albida, with which 
he identified radiata and pusilla respectively. Olivacea is the type 
form of africana : albida was raised by Clessin (1877) to the rank of 
a species, and will probably prove to be identical with, and have 
precedence of, C. oliphantensis, Crvn. Clessin also described and 
figured a C. natalensis, Krs., of which no notice has been taken by 
subsequent authors. 
Jickeli (1874) dealt with radiata and pusilla as distinct species, 
but had not sufficient material to express an opinion as to the 
correctness of Krauss’ views on the subject. 
von Martens (1897) united pusilla with radiata, but separated the 
latter from africana, var. olivacea ; Bottger, however (1910), con- 
sidered radiata and africana identical. 
Pallary (Mém. Instit. Egypt. vi, 1. 1909, pp. 71, 72) appears to 
prove that radiata and pusilla are both immature forms of conso- 
brina, which last was placed by Jickeli (1874) and Westerlund (1890) 
in the synonymy of fluminalis, Mill. 
The localities given in the following pages are, for the most part, 
correct for the varieties to which they refer, but the true degree of 
inter-relationship of the latter is obviously far too large a subject to 
admit of adequate discussion within the limits of the present work. 
586. CoRBICULA AFRICANA (Krauss). [S.A.M.] 
1848 Cyrena africana, var. olivacea, Krs. (=gauritziana, Krs. in 
litt. and radiata, Parr.), Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p.8.pl.1,£.8. DF. 
1854 Corbicula africana, Krs., Desh., Cat. Conchif. p. 222. D. 
1859 Cyrena i » von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 220. N. 
1866 Corbicula S » Prime, Ann. Lyc. N.H. New York, 
Willd p224, 4) O7.- 0 DEF’ 
1877 “ e  -Gless:, Conch. Cab? p:. 156. pl. 27, 
f. 99-94. Dik. 
1904 , von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 758. N. 
Type in Stuttgart Museum. 
Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Gauritz River (Krauss). Swellen- 
dam (Layard). Gamtoos R. (Farquhar). Port Elizabeth (Crawford). 
