OAK-GALLS IN THE KEW QUERCETUM. 57 



A. curvator, Hart. — Several specimens were found in 1879, though I 

 did not observe any in the following season. 



D. divisa. Hart. — Occurred sparingly in both seasons. 

 A. gemma, L. — One specimen in 1879. 



Q. CERRis, L. (The mossy-cupped oak). 

 Andricus glandium, Gir. — Occurred sparingly in the acorns of this 

 species on one large tree in 1879. 



Var. Q. LucoMBEANA, Loud, (the Lucombe oak). — A hybrid between 

 Q. cerris and Q. suber, raised in the Fulham Nursery, Exeter, by Mr. 

 Lucombe, from seed sown about 1762. 



A. r/landium, Gir. — Most abundant in 1879 on the large tree near the 

 wire fence ; nearly all the acorns were galled, and when they fell in 

 November could be gathered from underneath the tree by hundreds. In a 

 large quantity I collected, the larvae are still quite healthy and appear 

 neither more nor less Hkely to assume the perfect state than when collected. 

 This is a curious problem, as the galls appear annually (since 1877), but 

 Mayr notices the fact as quoted 'Eatom.' xi. 206, also Miss Orraerod 

 (Entom. xi. 204). Mr. Fitch also wrote me that he has some from the 

 same tree, collected in 1878. in the same condition [still living larvaB — 

 E. A. F.] They probably emerge in the natural state in spring or early 

 summer, and lay their eggs in the young acorns ; and these conditions have 

 not been imitated artificially. It is perhaps worthy of note that when in 

 early spring I tried to collect others to see if they were more fully developed, 

 I found something had extracted the larvae, and nothing but empty galls 

 remained; probably birds or mice in the severe weather, — it looked most like 

 the latter, — but in a large handful of acorns I could not find a single larva 

 remaining. Last autumn the galls were very scarce on the large tree, but 

 were found on a small tree in the oak collection by the river-side. I also 

 noticed that the galled acorns do not reach the full development, but remain 

 in the cup, and do not fall from the tree till some time after those not 

 attacked, and which consequently develop and ripen in the usual manner. 



The following shows the botanical range of the galls which 

 affect other oaks than Q. Robur ; all were found on that species: — 



N. numismatis, 01., found on Q. Turneri, Willd., and Q.infector la, 0\i\. 



N. lenticularis, 01., found on Q. Toza, Bosc, Q. lusitanica, Webb, and 

 Q. infectoria, Oliv. 



N.fumipennis, Hart, found on Q. lusitanica, Webb. 



iV". ostreus. Hart, found on Q. infectoria, Oliv. 



8. haccarum, L., found on Q. Toza, Bosc, Q. lusitanica, Webb, 

 Q. infectoria, Oliv., and Q. glandulifera, Bl. 



A. curvator. Hart, found on Q. vfectoria, Oliv., and Q. glandulifera, Bl. 



C. Kollari, Hart, found on Q. Toza, Bosc, and Q. Turneri, Willd. 



D. scutellaris, 01., found on Q. Turneri, Willd. 



D. divisa. Hart, found on Q. lusitanica, Webb, and Q. glandulifera, Bl. 

 A. gemvKB, Ij., found on Q. glandulifera, Bl. 



The absence of iV". lenticularis from Q. glandulifera surprised me, perhaps 

 more than anything, as the tree is common and generally distributed 

 throughout the garden, and S. haccarum was common in both seasons. 



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