16 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Scoticella, O, Betulse, O. Logaiiella, O. avellanella, O. an- 

 glicella and O. fagivora. The new species is O. petiolella, 

 discovered at Frankfort, in 1858, by Herr Anton Schmid, 

 and not hitherto fonnd elsewhere. 



I select for extract the life-history of Gracilaria syringella, 

 not on account of its novelty, but because the ravages of this 

 insect are so familiar and so annoying to the gardener, and 

 to every lover of a neat and tidy garden : — " The eggs are 

 laid in little clusters on the leaves of the lilac, and the young 

 larvae commence operations by mining a little greenish gray 

 blotch on the upper surface of the leaf; in this blotch we 

 generally find from four to ten larvae feeding together ; they 

 are then very small and almost transparent ; as they increase 

 in size they mine a larger portion of the leaf, which becomes 

 brown and much distorted, and eventually the larvae come 

 out from between the cuticles and feed on the extreme sur- 

 face of the leaves, which they roll up laterally ; sometimes a 

 leaf already blotched by the mining larvae is thus rolled up. 

 When the larvae are quite full-fed they seek some convenient 

 nook in which to spin their opaque whitish cocoons. There 

 appear to be two broods of this insect in the year, the larvae 

 feeding in June and again in August and September, and the 

 perfect insects from the first brood appearing in July and 

 those from the second in the May of the following year. The 

 insect is excessively abundant, at times completely disfiguring 

 the lilac-bushes by turning the leaves brown and rolling them 

 up. Though most frequently observed on the lilac, it feeds 

 also on the ash and privet." 



My own experience of this little pest is that there is a con- 

 stant succession of individuals throughout the summer, and, 

 instead of confining the number of broods to two, I should 

 incline to extend them to half a dozen. Its life-history was 

 first given by Reaumur, and since his tim.eHaworth,Treilschke, 

 Duponchel and many others have sevei'ally described it as a 

 novelty, and have given it a new name accordingly, a prac- 

 tice almost universal among Entomologists. 



I am truly glad to see Mr. Stainton devoting himself with 

 such energy to the study and publication of these life-histories 

 of insects, — a subject formerly so admirably handled by De 

 Geer and Reaumur, but one which, until within a few years, 

 has been so utterly neglected in this country : indeed the 



