76 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



anal extremity, leaving more and more of the enclosed pupa 

 exposed : when the ecdysis is complete the shrivelled sliin 

 remains at the anal extremity. Pupa pointed at both ex- 

 tremities ; a dorsal thoracic hump, and a large, bulging, 

 rounded mass in front, which comprises the wing-cases ; it 

 has also three ridges — one medio-dorsal, extending from the 

 pointed head to the anal extremity ; the others lateral and 

 bounding the dorsal area ; these latter are produced into an 

 obtuse angle at the insertion of the wing-cases, and at these 

 angles the diameter of the pupa is greatest, and diminishes 

 thence rapidly to the pointed head, and gradually to the anal 

 extremity ; the lateral outline is, however, slightly incurved 

 behind the thorax ; the three ridges are very inconspicuous. 

 Colour of the pupa bright apple-green ; the head and thoracic 

 angles tipped with purple-brown, this colour extending from 

 the head towards the thoracic hump, and from the thoracic 

 angle towards the head ; the bulging mass containing the 

 wing-cases is so transparent that the outline of the abdomen 

 may be seen within ; the dorsal ridge is darker than the 

 ground colour, forming a narrow, indistinct, smolie-coloured, 

 medio-dorsal stripe ; the lateral ridge is paler than the 

 ground colour, and forms a narrow, rather indistinct, whitish 

 stripe on each side of the pupa. The pupa state lasts for 

 twenty days ; the earliest examples, those from eggs laid 

 on the 15lh of April, may be expected to appear on the wing 

 on the loth of July. The sexes always keep apart during 

 ihe remainder of the year, never taking the slightest notice of 

 each other ; and both sexes enter on a state of semi-hyber- 

 nation very early, being only tempted abroad by mild as well 

 as sunny weather : in March they reappear, and the usual 

 attention of the sexes takes place, followed by the deposition 

 of eggs as already described : the imago life of this species 

 sometimes lasts for an entire year, the tattered and faded but- 

 terflies of one year actually lasting until those of the ensuing 

 year are on the wing : those, however, which appear in spring, 

 although tolerably perfect, never have the exquisite freshness 

 and beauty which they possessed when disclosed in the 

 autumn. This beautiful insect, so common in the South of 

 England, is rare in the North, and entirely absent from Scot- 

 land ; it has only been reported once from Ireland, and that 

 by a non-Entomologist. I cannot conclude this somewhat 



