THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 93 



margin, in some degree elevated, and overlapping the dorsal 

 surface of the 3rd and 4th segments ; its posterior margin 

 scabrous, and armed with a number of acute points arranged 

 in series ; the series nearest the head is coiiiposed of fewer, 

 but larger, points, those nearer the posterior margin being 

 more numerous, but much smaller, and the series more ex- 

 tended : each of the segments, from the 4th to the 11th, both 

 inclusive, have four small and nearly circular, glabrous, cor- 

 neous plates, the anterior pair a])proximate, the posterior 

 pair more distant ; on each side of each segment are two 

 other such plates, one above the other, below the spiracles ; 

 and again, below the lower of these on each side, is a smaller 

 and less conspicuous plate ; on the 12th segment are the 

 same number, but arranged in an irregular transverse series, 

 behind wliich are still two other smaller plates ; each of these 

 circular plates emits a bristle ; the 13lh segment is divided 

 into two sections, the anterior section narrow and transverse, 

 the posterior section or anal flap obtusely triangular and 

 highly glabrous ; both these emit several bristles. Colour of 

 the head dark brown, paler on the crown ; corneous plate on 

 2nd segment dark glabrous brown, with a pale median line, 

 and paler also on the anterior margin and on the sides 

 behind ; all the other plates are black-brown and highly gla- 

 brous ; the ground colour all over the body dingy w'uite, with 

 a yellow tinge ; the alimentary canal, showing through the 

 transparent skin, has the appearance of a narrow, medio- 

 dorsal indistinct stripe ; ventral surface dingy white, tinged 

 Vith flesh-colour ; legs and claspers the same. In the cham- 

 ber which the larva has prepared, it changes to a pupa of a 

 brighlish red-brown colour, and having every segment of the 

 abdomen armed with circles of minute hooks. The moths 

 appear from the 1st of July to the end of the month, coming 

 into the world with their head downwards. In ever}" instance 

 where a shoot of the ash is tenanted by one of these larvae, it 

 dies from the spot occupied by the larva to the tip, and be- 

 comes utterly useless : the injury it occasions to fruit trees is 

 not so extensive; on the contrary, its attacks olten appear to 

 render a tree more fruitful ; but 1 have irequently made the 

 observation that an inordinate propensity to produce fruit 

 often arises from a deficiency of that vigour whicli ])romotes 

 rapid and healthy growth ; thus unwonted production of 



