THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 



green, with narrow inconspicuous stripes of a darker hue ; the 

 principal of these is medio-dorsal ; the others, in the region 

 of the spiracles, are extremely difficult to distinguish, and 

 have a median, hair-like, whitish line; a transverse skinfold 

 at each segmental division is yellow : the body is beset with 

 minute white warts, each of which emits a slender white 

 hair, and is surrounded by a green space rather darker than 

 the rest of the body ; the tips of the anal processes are rosy ; 

 the legs and claspers green, tinged at the extremities with 

 purple. When full-fed the larva either goes down into the 

 moss usually kept in the breeding-cage, or selects a dried 

 leaf, fastening the moss or the edges of the leaf together with 

 a few silken threads ; within this flimsy retreat it changes to 

 a smooth, green, semitransparent pupa. The moth first ap- 

 pears on the wing about the middle of July ; a succession of 

 fresh specimens are kept up until the middle of August. I am 

 indebted to Mr. Edleslon for a supply of the larvae, and to 

 that gentleman and Mr. Doubleday for several particulars of 

 their history. — Edward Newman. 



Dijfereniiaiion of Cidaria russata andj C. immanata. — 

 Mr. Hellins, whose observations have at different times 

 thrown so much light on the life-history of our native Lepi- 

 doptera, has turned his attention to the difficult task of dis- 

 tinguishing between this closely-allied pair of species. His 

 first paper, treating of the imago, is published in the ' Zoolo- 

 gist ' (Zool. 8986) ; his second paper, treating of the prepa- 

 ratory states, appears in the ' Entomologist's Monthly Maga- 

 zine' (E. M. M. 165). 1 have freely availed myself of both 

 these papers, and still more freely of my friend Mr. Double- 

 day's assistance, to whom Mr. Hellins fully acknowledges 

 his obligation for much of the information he has given to 

 the public. From these sources, far more than from my own 

 observations, the following summary results. First — The 

 time of appearance in the imago state differs : C. russata ap- 

 pears in May and again in August, the May moths being the 

 parents of the August moths : C. immanata appears in July : 

 thus the single brood of C. immanata is intermediate between 

 the two broods of C. russata. C. russata certainly hybernates 

 in the larva state, but C. immanata passes the winter in the 

 egg state. Secondly — The habit of the imago differs : C. 

 russata has the habit of a true Geometer, when at rest with 



