2 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
an imago in the autumn, while the normal habit of the species is 
to hybernate in pupa or even in larva, as the case may be. 
Again, when many individuals pupate together it sometimes 
happens that some are perfected prematurely in autumn, the rest 
passing the winter in their penultimate state. Such specimens are, 
I believe, invariably infertile, and play no part in the continuation 
of their species. Hence they appear and die, but in no way 
affect the constancy of the hybernation. Newman treated this 
subject so clearly that I may be excused for copying his words :— 
“It is a most interesting fact, and one that cannot be too 
strongly impressed on the memory, that all the individuals 
composing one kind, or more properly one ‘ species’ of butterfly, 
always hybernate in the same state: each adheres strictly to 
the practice of its species; that is to say, that if one peacock 
butterfly passes the winter season in the butterfly state, so will 
its children pass the next winter in the same state, and its 
children’s children the next following winter in the same state, 
and so on for countless generations.” (Brit. But., p. 16). 
The following is the list of our British species, with the state 
in which each passes the winter according to our present know- 
ledge. It will be found to differ considerably from the list in 
Newman’s ‘ British Butterflies :’— 
Papilio Machaon. Pupa. Vanessa Antiopa. Imago. 
Leucophasia sinapis. Pupa. V.Io. Imago. 
Pieris crateegi. Larva. V. Atalanta. Imago. 
P. brassicee. Pupa. V.cardui. Imago. 
P. rape. Pupa. Limenitis Sibylla. Larva. 
P. napi. Pupa. Apatura Iris. Larva. 
P. Daplidice. Pupa. Arge Galathea. Larva. 
Anthocharis cardamines. Pupa. Krebia Epiphron. Larva. 
Gonepteryx rhamni. Imago. E. Medea (Githiops). Larva. 
Colias Edusa. ? Larva. Satyrus Egeria. ? Larva. 
C. Hyale. ? Larva. S. Megeera. ? Larva. 
Argynnis Paphia. Larva. S. Semele. Larva. 
A. Aglaia. Larva. S. Janira. Larva. 
A. Adippe. Larva. 8. Tithonus. Larva. 
A. Lathonia. Larva. S. Hyperanthus. Larva. 
A. Euphrosyne. Larva. Chortobius Davus (Tiphon). Larva. 
A. Selene. Larva. C. Pamphilus. ? Larva. 
Melitea Artemis (Aurinia) Larva. Thecla rubi. Pupa. (Buckler, Bar- 
M. Cinxia. Larva. rett.) 
M. Athalia. Larva. T. quercus. Egg. 
Vanessa C-album. Imago. T. W-album. Egg. 
V.urtice. Imago. T. pruni. Egg. 
V. Polychloros. Imago. T. betule. Egg. 
