INTRODUCTORY PAPERS ON LEPIDOPTERA. Ll 
difficulty I had in obtaining ova of this species; and if I had not 
kept a good number of cocoons, in all probability I should have 
been unable to obtain fertile ova. Besides the species mentioned, 
I obtained fertile ova of Saturnia Pyri, S. Spini, S. Carpini; 
also Aglia Tau, and others; but of these latter I only bred a few 
Aglia Tau. 
110, Clapham Road, London, S.W., Noy. 12, 1878. 
INTRODUCTORY PAPERS ON LEPIDOPTERA. 
By W. F. Kirsy, 
Assistant-Naturalist in the Dublin Museum of Science and Art. 
No. XI. NYMPHALIDA—NYMPHALINZ. 
Insects allied to VANESSA (concluded) and to ERGOLIS. 
Our next genus is Kalluma, one of the most remarkable of the 
Nymphalide, from the extraordinary resemblance of the under 
surface of the insect to a dead leaf. The Indian species are 
nearly four inches in expanse, bluish or purplish above, with a 
small transparent spot in the middle of the fore wings, beyond 
which a broad orange band (in K. Paralekta and Inachis) or a 
bluish white band (in K. Philarchus) runs obliquely from the 
middle of the costa nearly to the hinder angle. The fore wings 
are more or less pointed, and the anal angle of the hind wings 
is produced into a short tail. The under surface is brown, with 
a dark streak resembling a midrib running from the tip of the 
fore wings to the tail of the hind wings. The butterfly sits with 
its wings over its back, its head and antenne raised and hidden; 
and the tails, resting on the branch, which represent the stalk 
of the leaf. Irregular streaks and mottlings render the resemblance 
still more perfect; and we can readily believe Mr. Wallace (whose 
description and figures in his book on the Malay Archipelago may 
be consulted with advantage), when he says that the butterfly 
cannot be detected when at rest, from its resemblance to a dead 
leaf. ‘The African species, K. Rwmia, is smaller, with the tip 
“and anal angle less produced, nor does the under side (which is 
marked with two small eyes on the hind wings, as in the following 
genus) present so close a resemblance to a dead leaf. The upper 
side is brown; the male with a broad oblique pinkish band on the 
fore wings, and a shorter orange stripe nearer the tip. The female 
