34 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
trees, observing that each was cut with a foot-stalk, and that the 
edge was entire throughout; careful to handle the leaves as little 
as possible with my fingers. 
Oak Apple Berberis Darwinii 
Sallow Beech i aquifolium 
Hornbeam Hawthorn Orange 
When the leaves were thus made to stand upright in the firm 
sand, I tenderly transferred a single worm to each; and then 
clapped a bell-glass over all. 
The first leaf that was nibbled was sallow (Salix cinerea) ; 
I saw the caterpillar in the act of eating it; for I kept the tiny 
nursery pretty well under my eye. ‘Then the oak was just 
notched. The next morning willow and hornbeam were a good 
deal eaten; and on the day following, still more; oak a little 
eaten, and afterwards more. The one that had been put on 
Berberis Darwinii I saw on the second day busily and perseveringly 
gnawing at the central spine of one of the leaf-stipules; when it 
ceased, I saw with a lens that the hard and sharp point had been 
gnawed off. But very little more was done to this, and nothing 
to the other Berberry. 
I noticed also the leaves on which they spontaneously chose 
to rest, as being suggestive:—they congregated, as I carefully 
noted their places, morning by morning, on oak and willow 
chiefly ; hornbeam and B. Darwinii slightly ; the rest not at all, 
nor on poplar, hazel, and birch, leaves of which I subsequently 
added : apple remained absolutely untouched, and even avoided. 
With the exception of one killed by accident, as I was putting 
down the bell-glass, my first losses occurred on the day that the 
worms were one week old. On the 16th I saw several, in which 
the new white head of the second age was dilating the skin, and 
thrusting-out prominently the present head; a sure token of the 
approaching moult. But one was lying, not quite lifeless, but 
moribund, on the damp sand; shrivelled and drying-up. Another 
was one of those which I have alluded-to as close to the first 
moult: it also was lying helpless. This one I tried to aid. The 
minute grains of fine silver-sand were entangled between the 
tubercles, and in and among the pro-legs. My first effort was to 
remove these. If it had been able to crawl it would have thrown 
them off, and left them behind. But it was inert and helpless; 
and unless I could free the pro-legs it would not cling again, and 
