GRANARY WEEVILS: S. GRANARIUS AND S. ORYZA. 43 
are deposited near the edge of the wharf or even in the river bed, 
and if not naturally washed away at high tide, are swept into 
the water, their destruction being thus easily accomplished. The 
great heat generated in a bulk of weevily corn is caused by the 
dust arising from the borings and frass of the insects. The 
weevils themselves are generally to be found inside the granaried 
heap or cargo of corn unless the weather is very hot; then they 
are especially lively on the outside. 
Although these granary weevils are the most destructive 
enemy to stored corn, they leave sound what they do not actually 
attack. This is not so with that other great enemy, the wolf 
moth (Tinea granella, L.), which spoils more than it eats, by 
spinning the grains together with its dirty silken web, and thus 
becomes a more troublesome pest perhaps, though less destruc- 
tive, than the Calandra. This is a somewhat analogous case to 
the attacks of mice and rats in corn-stacks, the least enemy being 
the greatest spoiler. 
Reliable statistics as to actual damage are always difficult to 
get. The Rev. D. J. French tells us that sixteen bushels of 
weevils were dressed out of 360 quarters of wheat in December, 
although the corn had been turned every week (Entom. iii., 59), 
but the worst attack I find recorded is on the excellent authority 
of Mr. James Vogan, brought before the meeting of the Entomo- 
logical Society by Mr. Jenner Weir, April 4th, 1870. It was stated 
that 10 cwt. of weevils were screened from 74 tons of Spanish 
wheat, and “that in August, 1868, some American maize was 
stored, weighing 145 tons; in August, 1869, this was found to be 
infested with weevils, and 6 cwt. of the beetles were screened 
out ; in December, 29 cwt. more were screened out, making a ton 
and three-quarters in all.” (‘ Proc. Ent. Soc.’ p. xv.) We are not 
told what the maize actually lost in weight, but 35 cwt. of weevils 
must have consumed something very considerable. This quantity 
would represent over four thousand millions (4,056,729,600) speci- 
mens of the beetle. By actual weighing and counting, I find 
1 ounce (avoirdupois) contains 530 grains of sound English 
wheat; or 1320 grains of weevil-attacked kernels, consisting of 
English and foreign wheat mixed with many imagos and larve of 
of the Calandra in the corn; or 64,680 specimens of Sitophilus 
oryze, consisting of dead imagos, but not old and dry. From 
these numbers the calculation of damage is not difficult, but it 
