ATTACUS ATLAS: A LIFE-HISTORY. 73 
The Pupa (fig. ¢) is not much longer than that of Yama ; but it is much 
more bulky. My specimens measure as follows :— 
‘ Male. Female. 
Length .- - = E = - 1:20 inch. 1°35 inch. 
Breadth (from side to side) = OG 4 O:72e 
Depth (from back to front) a OPO > 5. 0:32 
In both sexes the wing-covers are very great; the superior are falcate in 
both; the inferior notably project. In the male the antenne-covers are 
0-35 inch broad; the pectination distinctly marked. The abdomen termi- 
nates in a short papilliform tail. The general hue is a bright chestnut, 
darker on the abdomen. 
Looking back on the eighty larve which had been under my 
unremitting and most watchful care since the beginning of 
August, with this result, I strive to discover the cause of failure. 
It is not invariable. I know of only two English attempts besides 
my own. Mr. Edmonds began with twenty-four ova, all of which 
hatched, and almost all did well till the 6th age, when all died of 
dysentery, about the same time as my own.- On the other hand, 
Captain Lendy, of Surbiton, beginning with twenty-four ova (of 
the same lot), has obtained fifteen good cocoons. This gentleman’s 
experience is, then, of great value. 
The lateness of the season at which the larve appear is, doubt- 
less, the main difficulty: the increasing cold protracting the larval 
existence, to the weakening and exhausting of the animal. Lady 
Gilbert’s worms passed into cocoon within less than a month from 
the hatching: my own lingered for more than two months and a 
half; Mr. Edmonds’s for three months. Captain Lendy informs 
me that he placed his new-born larve in a plant-stove, in which 
the temperature ranged from 65° at night to 85° or even 90° by 
day; and he obtained cocoons within a month from hatching. 
This points, as I judge, not to the use of artificial heat, as 
essential to success in England, but to a summer, rather than an 
autumn life. I have just obtained some imported cocoons, which 
I shall winter in a warm room, in hope to evolve imagines in 
spring ; and so get ovain May, and larve in June, if possible, 
I do not think the kind of food-plant is of vital importance. 
Captain Lendy is confident that the common berberry is the only 
proper food. Mr. Edmonds fed his with plum. Lady Gilbert 
extols apple. Mine chose sallow for themselves. All the Satur- 
nade seem to be very polyphagous. Whether the frequent 
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