LIFE-HISTORIES OF SAWFLIES. 108 
obliquely above the eyes, while in the others the eyes are above 
the antenne. I do not find this mentioned by any author: I am, 
however, certain on this point, singular as it may appear; unless, 
indeed, I have failed to observe the eyes, and have taken for them 
little round wart-like excrescences. 
Different writers have correctly described the habits of these 
larvee, living together in a web, like the larve of Hyponomeuta. 
I have not made a drawing of the web spun by the larve on the 
pear, but I have figured the web from a hawthorn hedge, which 
I met with on the 6th of July at a country seat in Gelderland: 
this will be found represented at fig. 7. The larve inhabiting 
this web were somewhat differently coloured from those of the 
pear tree, but resembled them in general appearance. They were 
not of so deep an orange-colour, and had two paler longitudinal 
stripes along the dorsum; in addition, the anal legs were not 
black at the tips, as was the case with the former (see figs. 8 & 9) ; 
but as most German writers assert that the Lyda larva of the 
hawthorn is the same as that occurring on the pear, I have not 
hesitated to give a drawing of it in this place. I was not able to 
rear any of these larve, as they were all killed or washed away 
by a heavy rain the evening before I had intended to remove 
them to take them home with me. The larve from the pear tree, 
when full grown, spun a short case-like web from the pear branch 
to the earth contained in the glass in which they were kept; 
there was nothing remarkable in this, and it was, consequently, 
not half so pretty and interesting as that which DeGeer kept as 
a curiosity (see the description in Goetze’s translation at 
page 294). 
My larve also remained the whole winter in the ground, and 
when an imago made its appearance I turned over the earth in 
order to find a pupa: I found one which was, however, somewhat 
shrivelled; the remaining larvee appeared to me to bedead. I was 
thus prevented from making a drawing of the pupa, but, after 
carefully examining my shrivelled pupa, I can endorse DeGeer’s 
assertion that the antenne, palpi, legs, and wings were separate 
and movable ; only I cannot agree with the observation ‘‘ dass sie 
ohne die mindeste Bedeckung da legen,” as in this instance these 
organs—as is the case with the other sawfly larvee—were covered 
with a very thin and transparent skin. 
The one imago which I obtained was a female (fig. 10), and 
