LOCALITIES FOR BEGINNERS. 168 
to the “Flats.” By this route the collecting ground may be 
reached in five or ten minutes. On arrival, Wanstead Flats will 
be found to consist of a mixture of pollard forest trees, under- 
wood, copse and swampy ground. Amongst the trees will be 
found oak, hornbeam, beech, a few maple, a little birch, and here 
and there a Scotch fir. On the Forest Gate side are avenues of 
lime trees; off these limes may be taken Smerinthus tili@ and 
larve of Xanthia citrago. In other parts of the country I have 
found the flowers of lime trees worth working after dusk for 
Noctuze. Amongst the shrub-growth at Wanstead are whitethorn, 
blackthorn, bramble, broom, and the little whin (Genista anglica). 
In the early season these blackthorns should be searched for 
Aleucis pictaria. During the latter part of May and early June, 
by brushing amongst the broom, the imago of Chesias obliquaria 
will not unfrequently flit up. By sweeping or, better still, 
by searching amongst the Geniste in May, will be found the very 
pretty larvae of Pseudopterpna cytisaria, nearly full grown and 
through its hybernation. ‘These latter larvee may also be beaten 
from the broom. While looking on the Genista anglica will be 
seen the little white cases of Coleophora genistecolella. Amongst 
the Micro-Lepidoptera may also be taken during the season, 
Psyche radiella, Adela viridella, and Harpella Geoffrella; the 
latter two in abundance. Among the rarer Tortrices have been 
found Ephippiphora obscurana from amongst oak-galls gathered 
during winter; likewise from the same galls came Carpocapsa 
splendana and Heusimene jimbriana. Besides these may be 
found a host of interesting Tortrices and Tineina. 
On the Wood Street side of the “ Flats” are a large number 
of holly trees; on these from May to August Lycena argiolus is 
to be found abundantly. Wanstead also produces most of our 
commoner Diurni; some years ago Melitea artemis used to occur 
there, but has latterly disappeared. The blackthorns should be 
searched for the larve of Pieris crategi, for at least one has been 
found there. Vanessa polychloros is not uncommon, as well as 
V. Io, V. atalanta, and Pyrameis cardui, the larva of which is 
abundant this year on the thistles. Satyrus Algeria is not 
infrequent. 
Those entomologists who wish to breed butterflies should 
bear in mind that for most species it is a waste of time to look 
for their larvee during the day; but no sooner has darkness set 
