194 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
is somewhat oval in shape, single-chambered, with a thin crisp 
wall; and, from the various conditions in which I have found it, 
appears to form (accompanying the growth of its larval tenant) 
during the latter part of winter and beginning of spring, the 
imago quitting it before the season of expansion of the healthy 
buds. I conjecture that this very minute gall is much sought 
after by birds, as in the seasons when I have found most of it I 
have noticed the buds frequently torn open; and there is no 
other bud-gall common in the district at that time, as far as I am 
aware. Possibly some other observer may be able to add the 
name of the gall-maker. 
The other gall figured is very unusual in appearance, and 
has caused such complete distortion of all the surrounding 
growths as to make it difficult to convey with the pencil any 
characteristic forms. As seen magnified it much resembles an 
abnormal form of Andricus inflator. It, however, consists of two 
oval cells; these are rather thin-walled, placed side by side, and 
occupying the entire width, and about two-thirds of the length of 
the irregular hollow chamber formed by the swollen base of the 
stem in which they are contained, the outer walls of the gall cells 
and the inner walls of the gall chamber being adnate for 
(approximately) half the cell surface. The gall cells are not quite 
an eighth of an inch in length, and were deserted when I found 
the specimen, the only one which I have seen of this kind, and 
differing so much from any normal state of bud-gall with which 
I am acquainted that possibly a figure may be of some interest. 
Spring Grove, Isleworth, July 5, 1879. 
PEA ENEMIES. 
By Epwarp A. Firca. 
Durine this ungenial spring—I might almost say protracted 
winter—our garden and field crops have suffered severely, since 
growth has been almost impossible, and the plant has been 
altogether unable to withstand attack from insect or other 
enemies. Our pea crops are among the greatest sufferers, and 
the true nature of the attack is almost universally overlooked. 
Almost everybody, who has attempted the out-door growth of 
early peas this year, has been disappointed; in most cases they 
