Contents xiii 



by oyster culture — Introduction of Mya into California 

 and Washington — Its rapid development — Native clams 

 of the Pacific coast 298 



Chapter XXI 



THE HARD CLAM 



Names — Methods of capture — Marketing — Decreases in num- 

 ber — Development — First experiments on growth — Creep- 

 ing — Effect of sea-weed over beds — No growth in New 

 England during the winter — Value of a strong current — 

 Wide variation in salinity possible — Few natural enemies 

 — Demand for the " little neck " — Culture methods not 

 encouraged — Monopoly and destruction of the industry by 

 shore towns in New England — Need of legislation — Ob- 

 taining seed — Planting on Long Island — Possibilities in 

 hard clam culture 321 



Chapter XXII 



THE SCALLOPS 



Only the adductor muscle used for food — Freshening or bloat- 

 ing by marketmen — Names — Two Atlantic species used 

 for food — Distribution — Eyes — Swimming habits — The 

 warm water scallop apparently does not migrate — Method 

 of capture — Decrease in number — Development — Swim- 

 ming by the foot — Spinning the byssus — Bearing of byssus 

 attachment on distribution — The creeping stage in bi- 

 valves — Rate of growth depends on food-bearing currents 

 — Growth ceases in winter — Actual rate of growth — 

 Normal length of life — Its economic bearing — Biological 

 problem involved — How to determine whether a scallop 

 has spawned — Economic waste in not dredging in- 

 dividuals that have spawned — Legislation needed — 

 Enemies — Results of scallop culture doubtful — Waste of 

 food in America — Failure to utilize marine food mol- 

 lusks and fishes — The inhabitants of the sea not all be- 

 yond human control 333 



Index 353 



