356 



Index 



Freshening of oysters, 141 



and typhoid fever, 171 

 Frost, dangers from, in oyster 

 culture, 81 



Gas, waste of, 3 

 Gills, automatic selection of 

 food by, in Pecten, 64 



ciliation of, 59 



as collecting organs, 29 



filaments and lamellae of, 30 



functions of, 36 



movements of, 65 

 Gloucester clam flats, 277 

 Great South Bay, hard clams of, 



323 

 Green oysters, 80 

 Growth of bivalves suspended 

 in winter in the north At- 

 lantic, 54 



of eastern oyster in San Fran- 

 cisco Bay, 270 



of oysters in low tempera- 

 tures, 96 



of oysters, time required for, 

 in Louisiana, 262 



rate of, in Puget Sound, 271 



of the scallop. 345 



of the soft clam, 300-304 



time necessary for, 103 

 Gulls dropping clams to break 



the shells, 284 

 Gulf of Mexico, coast of, in 

 Texas, 267 



rapidity of oyster growth in, 

 264 



salinity of water in, 54. 265 



spits and islands of, 269 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence, oysters 

 in, 175 



Habituation of marine food 

 organisms to new localities, 

 8 

 "Harbor plants," 127 

 Hard clam (Venus mercenaria), 

 age attained by, 327 

 box culture of, 328 

 burrowing of, 322 

 ciliation of mantle of, 56 

 ciliation of visceral mass of, 

 59 



Hard clam : 

 at the Chandeleur Islands, 323 

 common names of, 280 

 creeping habit of, 324 

 culture, area available for, 



331 



decrease of, 323 



development of, 324 



digestive tract of, 20 



distribution of, 321, 322 



excretory organs of, 23 



foot of, 27 



gills of, 30 



growth experiments on, 324, 

 326 



no growth of, in winter in 

 the North, 327 



industry, possible returns 

 from, 2,2,2 



present condition of, 330 



insensibility of, to extremes 

 of temperature, 331 



mantle of, 19 



marketing of, 322 



names given to, 321 



natural enemies of, 328 



nervous system of, 26 



raking of, 322 



seed, 330 



sexual organs of, 24 



shell of, 13 



siphon tubes of, 20 



in the South, 323 



transplanted in Louisiana, 9 



vascular system of, 22 



wandering habit of the, 325 

 Hermaphroditism, 24, no 

 Hudson River, natural oyster 



beds in, 178 

 Hydroid growth on oysters, 163 



Ice, action of, on oyster beds, 



241 

 Indian feasts, 176 

 Ingersoll. Mr. Ernest, on the 



futility of a close season, 



182 

 Islands formed by oyster 



growth, 232 



Japanese oysters, 87 



introduction of, into America, 

 275 



