60 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



confirmed (Entoua. ix. 256, 257). At the first subsequent 

 opportunity I ventured to solve my own problem, and not 

 without some success. Above I have given a tolerably com- 

 plete history of two broods. 



The year 1877 has taught us that C. Edusa is normally 

 double-brooded, and occasionally triple-brooded. But how 

 does it pass the winter .? As an egg, as now instanced ; as 

 a larva, as related by the Rev. J. Hellins (E. M. M. vi. 232) ; 

 as a pupa, as related by Mr. C. W. Dale (Id. v. 77) ; or as an 

 imago, as related by Mr. J. Cranstone (Ent. Intell. ii. 11) and 

 Mr. R. R. Harvie (Id. ix. lid)} This point shall be returned 

 to ; but enough has been said to show the necessity of more 

 observers. 



Maldon, Essex. January 1, 1878. 



Hastings, 1877. — In August and September last Colias 

 Edusa was very abundant in this neighbourhood, and amongst 

 them 1 was fortunate enough to capture eight of the variety 

 Helice, all in a perfect condition, and one of which is of a 

 bright saffron-colour. A friend who was with me at the 

 same time also succeeded in taking six Helice. On the 17th 

 of October I captured four, all very perfect; one of them 

 when taken had the empty pupa-case beside it, and its wings 

 were quite limp. On the following day I took another, also 

 with the pupa-shell beside it. The last Edusa taken was on 

 the 17th of November, when I left the neighbourhood. This, 

 notwithstanding the lateness of the season. The following is 

 my full record : — August 2nd, seven specimens taken ; 3rd, 

 seven; 4th, fourteen; Gth, twelve; 7lh, eighteen, and one 

 Helice; 8th, fourteen; 9th, nine; 10th, twelve, and one 

 Helice; 11th, five; 13th, eight; 14lh, eight; 15th, two; 

 16th, three, Edusa eggs laid; 17th, ten; 18th, sixteen; 

 20th, twenty-six, and oue Helice ; 22nd, Edusa larvae out; 

 23rd, fifteen; 24th, six, and one Helice; 25th, six, and one 

 Helice; 30th, five, and one Helice (saffron colour). Sep- 

 tember 1st, eleven, and one Helice; 5lh, two, and one 

 Helice; 6th, thirteen, Edusa eggs laid; 7th, four; llth, 

 four, and two Edusa larvae; 16th, larvae out; 18th, one 

 nearly full-fed larva taken ; 27lh, first larva fixed for 

 changing; 29th, three, first larva turned to pupa. October 

 5tb, eight, second larva fixed for changing; 6lh, two ; 7th, 

 second larva turned to pupa; 9th, two; 10th, four; llth, 

 eight; 17th, four, one just out, with pupa-shell; 18th, eight, 



