CO LIAS i-;dusa. 61 



one just out, with pupa-shell ; 20th, seven ; 24th, two ; 

 26th, thirteen, twenty-four seen and taken ; 28th, five; 30th, 

 three ; 31st, seven, ten seen and taken, imperfect. November 

 1st, nine, nineteen seen and taken; 2nd, four, eggs laid; 

 3rd, ten, eighteen seen, first pupa showing colour; 5th, 

 fifteen, second pupa showing colour; 6th, first imago out 

 from larva taken September 18th, female; 8th, eight; 10th, one; 

 13th, five; 16th, second imago out, very small, male; 17th, 

 one ; 18th, eggs laid. On the 6th and 7th of August I 

 captured five or six specimens of C. Edusa, which I placed 

 in a large band-box covered with muslin, keeping them 

 regularly supplied with fresh lucerne {Medicago sativa) and 

 red clover {Trifoliiim medium and T. pratense), sprinkled 

 daily with sugar and water. 1 allowed them as much sun 

 and air as possible; and on the 16th of August the first eggs 

 were laid. They stood upright on the food-plant, as 

 described by Newman, like ninepins, pointed at each 

 end, white in colour, with a faint yellow tinge. On the 

 second day they changed to a rich orange, and afterwards, at 

 an interval of six days, to black, which just before the larvae 

 emerged had a metallic appearance. This was on the 24th. 

 1 fed the young larvae entirely on lucerne, separating a i'ew to 

 note the changes, which I have endeavoured to describe as 

 accurately as possible. When hatched the larvae were of a 

 dingy green colour, which they retained until their first 

 moult, which took place on the 2nd of September. They 

 then changed to a bright green, closely resembling the 

 tint of the lucerne leaves. The second moult was on the 

 11th of September; the third on the 19th ; the fourth on the 

 27th ; and the fifth and last on the 7th of October. At the 

 fourth change a white narrow line was plainly visible along 

 each side, having a reddish spot at each of the twelve 

 segments. They did not differ at all at the last change, 

 except that the line and spots became more distinct. Before 

 each moult 1 noticed the larva attached itself by threads to 

 the leaf. I had about thirty larvae, which were nearly fiill-fed, 

 and about eighty others of all sizes ; of these, two, which I 

 had taken in the lucerne field, changed to pupae on 

 September 29th and October 6ti), securing themselves before 

 doing so to the lucerne or to the lid of the box, in the same 

 way as the Pierida do. Unfortunately the others, whose 

 life-history I have recorded, all died before turning to pupae. 

 — Rosa M. Sotheby; Sunnyside, Ore Valley, Hastings. 



