INTRODUCIORY PAPERS ON LEPIDOPTERA. 127 



is transversely striated with black : it is common in the 

 East Indies and Africa. The other species (some of which 

 have short tails) may be known from Cirrochroa, Mensaras, &c., 

 by the transverse slrialions in the cell of the fore wings. 

 Euploieta only contains two common American species, 

 resembling Atella P/udanta, but the veins of the fore wings 

 are black, especially in E. Claudia; and instead of the 

 wings being edged by festooned lines they are edged by a 

 double brown line, separated by rather long fulvous spots: 

 within ihis runs a row of large black spots, placed between 

 the nervures ; and within this again an obsolete dark line on 

 the fore wings, and an oblique and very irregular black line 

 on the fore wings. 



We now come to the genus Argynnis. It is numerously 

 represented in Europe, Asia, and North America ; but in 

 Africa only on the North coast, and in South America only 

 in Chili. Among the most striking of the larger North 

 American species are A. Diana, with a black male, broadly 

 edged with orange, and a green female spotted with whitish ; 

 and A. Idalia, which has reddish fore wings and blackish 

 hind wings, with two rows of whitish spots. There are 

 several Califbrnian species, with yellowish instead of silvery 

 spots on the hind wings beneath. Among East Indian 

 species we may mention A. Niphe, with a fulvous male, and 

 a female which raiuiics Danaus Chrysippus on the upper 

 side. The hind wings are green beneath in both sexes, with 

 slightly silvery markings. Then there are the Indian 

 A. Childreni and A. Kamala, with the hind wings green 

 beneath, striped with silver ; and the North Chinese 

 A.Sayatia, the male of which resembles A. Paphia,'wh'\\e the 

 female is olive-green, marked with while, like an Apatura or 

 Linienilis, and was actually established as a new genus 

 when first discovered. 1 have nothing special to say about 

 the smaller group o( Argytniis, except that it is to tl)is that 

 all the circumpolar, or South American, species belong. 



Melitoea is common in Europe, Asia, North Africa, and 

 California; the greatest variety and the largest known species 

 are Calilbrnian. Many of these are black, with several trans- 

 verse rows of yellowish spots, sometimes alternating with 

 reddish ones, thus forming a higher development of the 

 group represented in Europe by Maturna and Auritfia. 



Most of the smaller tawny Nyniphalidoi of North and 

 South America belong to the genus Phyciodes, many of 

 which closely resemble Mclitcea above, but the under side of 



