182 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the lour or five European species occur in Britain. The fine 

 Bedeguar-like gall, now under notice, would certainly be 

 recognised, and it is unrecorded; but if it has been found the 

 beautiful figure may recall it to mind. No less than four 

 species of Synergns are known to make a home of this gall, 

 amongst others; Olyn.v tri/ineata, Mayr, and the two 

 common species of MegoMiymus, viz. M. siigviaticnns and 

 M. dorsnlis, are parasitic in it. — E. A. Fitch. 



Fig. flO. — Gall of Cynips calicis, and in section. 



90. Cynips cdlicis, BurgsdorfF. — The well-known 

 " Knopper" — which occurs on Quercus pedunculata and, 

 according to Schlechtendal, also on Q. sessilijiora — is the 

 nearest relation to the abovc-describid species. The gall 

 appears at the beginning of summer, between the acorn and 

 the cup, at the bottom of the latter, forming at first an 

 inverted cone or a thick disk, which becomes hemispherical 

 by degrees; it is strongly ribbed radiately and compressed at 

 the side, a rounded papilla appearing at the apex. The 

 margin of the disk, however, soon becomes more and more 

 curved downwards, and the involucre more or less surrounded. 

 There is a hole at the central point from which the radial 

 strias emanate, and which corresponds to the apex of the 

 gall : this is the mouth of a cavity, which is divided from a 

 second cavity at the base of the gall by a transverse partition. 

 This inferior cavity contains the single-chambered inner gall, 

 apparently loose. The gall-fly leaves the inner gall in 

 February or March, and eating through the above-mentioned 

 partition makes its exit by the hole opposite the base ol the 

 gall. — G. L. Mayr. 



