196 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



and Zabulina, are lawny or fulvous, with the tip of the fore 

 wings broadly black ; in Lethe the tip is spotted with 

 fulvous, and in the others with white; but the fulvous portion 

 of the fore wing is divided by an oblique black band in 

 Zabulina, which is not the case in Godmani. H. Kefer- 

 steinii is dull reddish instead of fulvous, with white spots on 

 the black tip ; and H. Diane is dull yellowish brown, with 

 transverse black stripes, and a small, oblong, transparent spot 

 in the middle of the fore wings, and one or two transparent dots 

 nearer the tip; on the hind wings there are one or two black 

 spots, scaled with blue towards the hind margin. H. Hippo- 

 mene, from Natal and Madagascar, exactly resembles a small 

 orange-banded Pyrnmeis Atalanta, with tails. 



The species of the first section of Vanessa (Grapta) are 

 most numerous and varied in North America, where the 

 larger species, such as Interrogation is, expand nearly three 

 inches. The Japanese V. C-aureum has the inner of tvvo 

 marginal dark bands on the hind wings dusted with blue. 

 The typical section of Vanessa is common in Europe, Asia, 

 and North America, but is not numerous in species, and 

 most of ihera closely resemble our own UrticcB and Poly- 

 chloros ; but the Mexican Cyanomelus is wholly bluish 

 green ; the East Indian C/iaronia is greenish black, with a 

 broad greenish blue submarginal band on all the wings ; the 

 .lapanese V. No-Japonicum resembles this, but the band is 

 narrower and bluer, and there is a large white spot on the 

 costa of the fore wings, followed by a small one nearer the 

 tip. The North American V. Milberti resembles V. UrticcB, 

 but has only a submarginal lawny band on all the wings, 

 which is bifurcated on the costa of the fore wings; the latter 

 are also marked with two reddish spots in the cell. 



The genus Pyrameis is also represented in all parts of the 

 world, but by very few species, most of which resemble our 

 own common European species. All the American species 

 {Atalanta excepted) closely resemble our own Cardui, 

 from which the common North American P. Viryiniensis, 

 Drury {= Huntera, Fabr.), may be distinguished by the 

 under side of the hind wings, which is reticulated with 

 yellowish, and marked with two large eyes only. P. Carye, 

 which is common throughout Western America, more 

 resembles Cardui, but is smaller, with fewer black spots 

 towards the lip of the fore wings. The Royal Dublin Society 

 has a specinien of Carye, marked "Cliina;" which is pro- 

 bably an error. I record it, however, as the occurrence of 



