INTRODUCTORY PAPERS ON LEPIDOPTERA. 267 
not think that we have sufficient data to decide the question at 
present. D. Bolina is met with throughout the East Indies and 
the Hastern Islands. 
Of the remaining Eastern species I may mention H. Alimena, 
a brown butterfly about three inches across the wings, with sub- 
marginal white spots, and a blue band within; and H. Pandarus, 
a considerably larger insect, with brown fore wings, with a sub- 
marginal row of bluish white dots, and a broad pale blue band 
across the middle of the hind wings, followed by a row of bluish 
spots surrounded with black, and bordered outside and at the 
anal angle with orange. In the female there is a broad transverse 
buff band on the fore wings, followed by a row of white spots, and 
white connected crescents nearer the hind margin; the hind 
wings are reddish orange from the centre nearly to the hind 
margin, on which is placed a series of rather large oval black 
eyes with bluish white pupils. “This splendid insect, one of the 
largest of the Nymphalide (expanding four inches in the male and 
five in the female), is met with in Amboina and Ceram, but is 
represented by smaller allied forms in most of the neighbouring 
islands. H. Anomala and its allies are Indian or Malay species 
(brown, with a marginal row of pale spots), which are chiefly 
remarkable for their striking resemblance to some of the more 
obscure species of Huplea. 
Hypolimnas is represented in Africa by several handsome 
species, of which I will only mention two:—H. Salmacis, a fine 
insect, measuring four inches across, brownish black, broadly 
banded with blue and white, which is common in many parts of 
the country; and H. Dewxithea, a species of equal size, found in 
Madagascar, which has black fore wings, with a broad transverse 
white band, and white spots near the tip; the hind wings are 
white, bordered with red in the middle and black at the base; 
the hind margin is also black, with bluish white festoons; on the 
under surface the black markings are entirely replaced with red, 
except a broad band on the inner margin of the fore wings, and 
the festooned black and white borders of all the wings. 
