38 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



patient search I have found her ahve, at rest, on the heather 

 amongst the birches, and otliers of my friends liave found 

 her clinging to the boles or branches of the birch ; in each 

 case this was not until after the males had been out in the 

 same localities for a week or more ; and yet these females 

 were in fine condition. I would call on Mr. H. Cooke, the 

 Kev. J. Image, Mr. J. E. Hall and Mr. Crawford Peacock, 

 all of Brighton, to support what 1 have said as to the facts 

 with respect to Kndroniis versicolor and Colias Edusa ; and 

 1 believe that they will also support me in the opinion I 

 found on those facts, unless their views on the subject have 

 changed since we worked together in 1857, 1858 and 1859. 

 {Rev.) Percy Andreics ; LillesJtaU Rectory, Newport, Salop, 

 February 13, 1866. 



Prior Appearance of Male or Female, dc. — The emerging 

 • of the sexes of Lepidoptcra still continues to be a problem, 

 and Mr. Greene (Entom. iii. 21) takes it for granted that the 

 females emerge first. All the observations 1 have been able 

 to make are entirely adverse to that opinion, since 1 have 

 always found the males emerge first ; and I think it is so in 

 nature as well as in confinement. 1 believe the number of 

 males of Lepidoptera to be far greater in proportion than 

 the females. That is my theory ; but the exact knowledge 

 as to which sex emerges first, in a state of nature, will be 

 very hard to attain : 1 cannot see how it can be satisfactorily 

 proved. I think that in confinement the males first emerge. 

 I do not think the females can long retain their eggs ; so 

 that if they were, as a rule, to emerge first, their eggs would 

 prove barren. I append a summary of emergences in which 

 the male first appeared, and in which the female did so : 

 it is a lair criterion, as there were not less than six pupa3 in 

 each species, in some many more. In twenty-four species 

 the male emerged first ; in eight species the i'emale appeared 

 first. Species in which the n)ale first appeared : — S. Populi, 

 S. Ligustri, C. Elpenor, C. bifida, C. vinula, N. cucullina, 

 D. caeruleocephala, P. Monacha, O. antiqua, O. gonostigma, 

 L. auriflua, 11. dominula, C. villica, P. fuliginosus, B. Ivubi, 

 B. Quercus, B. Trifolii, E. Lanestris, T. Cratajgi, S. Carpini, 

 A. Leporina, A. Aceris, E. lichenea, C. Chamomillae. Spe- 

 cies in which the female first emerged : — L. dispar, A. Caja, 

 D. mendica, O. potatoria, B. glandifera, D. carpophaga, D. 



