332 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



in Cumberland : from his kind and prompt reply I have 

 made the following extract, which I am sure will be read 

 with pleasure. — Edivard Newmav.'\ 



"Thanks for the Salix herbacea with gall on it, by no 

 means new, though not frequently met with, inasmuch as the 

 plant itself is very local. I have specimens from Skiddavv 

 and some of our hills, also from Norway ; and my son 

 brought me some from the Orkneys last year. I regret I 

 have not had an opportunity of verifying its originator. 

 You are quite correct as to the willow-galls not being pro- 

 duced by Cynipidas. Indeed, as regards galls generally, 

 they appear for the most part to be the works of Cecidomida). 

 Probably the plant-lice (Aphis and Psylla families) produce 

 as many as Cynipidai. Some moths are now known to make 

 galls. My friend Benjamin Walsh, of Illinois, to whom 

 I am indebted for specimens or descriptions of many of the 

 North-American galls, informs me he has discovered one on 

 a shrub (Amorpha fruticosa), made by a small Tinieide. He 

 said he would send me a specimen of the gall, also the 

 moth, which, he adds, "is a very pretty one :" these have 

 not yet come to hand. I have found, on a small willow here, 

 a gall much more resembling a cranberry than that on Salix 

 herbacea. I send you a few by post, just gathered, growing 

 amongst the cranberries, a ^ew of which I had for com- 

 parison. These galls are now only greenish, but later on 

 they become quite red, like little drops of sealing-wax, not 

 like those of the burnet rose, which are rougher skinned. 

 The latter are exceedingly abundant here and very pretty. 

 I put some in, with a iew on Thymus Serpyllnm, and two on 

 AchillaBa ptarmica, not unfrequent here. There are also very 

 pretty ones on Geranium sanguineum, abundant here : these 

 tufts are formed of narrow leaflets, with the margins reddish 

 and rather turned in. They shrivel up a little when dried 

 and lose their beauty, but if slightly pressed they preserve 

 somewhat of their character. I am going to try them in 

 heated sand, which answers tolerably well for some galls, as 

 the bedguar of rose, the great drawback being in their 

 becoming brittle. Some preserve best in brine : I have 

 received in this succulent ones from America and Switzer- 

 land ; but these are skeletons when compared with Nature's 

 beautiful originals." 



