THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



No. 47.] NOVEMBER, MDCCCLXVn. [Price 6d. 



Description of the Larva of Ephyra porala. — The full- 

 fed larva rests with the claspers only attached, the anterior 

 extremity being held quite free, and the back forming a very 

 decided arch ; the head is prone, slightly broader than the 

 2nd segment ; the body is slender, cylindrical and slightly 

 rugose ; the rugosity arises from the segments being divided 

 transversely into narrow sections, which emit small bristles 

 from minute warts. There are two varieties in colour ; the 

 more common colour is isabelline or fawn-colour, with a con- 

 colorous head ; the less common colour is pale apple-green, 

 with a reddish head ; the fawn-coloured specimens have the 

 head delicately reticulated with umber-brown ; the dorsal 

 area of the body has five or seven dotted white rivulet lines, 

 very inconspicuous unless under a lens of high power ; on 

 each segment are four dark brown dots, forming a square ; 

 and on the side of each segment, particularly observable from 

 the 5th to the 10th, is an oblique dark mark, broad at the 

 anterior extremity, but gradually narrowed as it proceeds 

 downwards and backwards ; the ventral area is paler, with 

 several dark markings, particularly on the 9th segment ; the 

 legs and claspers are concolorous with the body. When full- 

 fed the larva spins a silken band, attached to the food-plant 

 on both sides of the body, and, supported by this, it changes 

 to a singularly shaped pupa, the anterior extremity being 

 truncate, the posterior very acute : this change, in my speci- 

 mens, kindly supplied by Mr. Moncreaff, took place at the 

 end of September. — Eicard Netmnan. 



Description of the Larva of Pachycnemia hippocasta- 

 naria. — Rests in a straight and stick-like position, with the 

 claspers attached to its food-plant, and the rest of its body 

 porrected ; it so exactly resembles the twigs of the ling in 

 size and colour that it is impossible for the uneducated eye 

 to detect it; the head is semi-prone, wider than the 2ud seg- 

 ment, and not notched on the crown ; the 2nd segment of the 



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