NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 213 



confounded with co-operation such as the co-operation of bees in 

 the construction of honeycomb. The preference which certain 

 butterflies show for streams of water is undeniable and appears to 

 me inexphcable. In tlie narrowest part of the Gorge of the 

 Mondony which is only accessible by wading in the stream or by 

 following a gallery of slabs on iron supports, a Lirnenitis, which 

 was doubtless Limenitis Camilla, was observed very frequently 

 disporting itself alone or in company with another butterfly of 

 the same species, and near La Preste the same species sought the 

 stream of the Tech as its chief resort. In other localities, however, 

 I have not observed this preference for running waters on the part 

 of Camilla. Everyone knows that dragonflies frequent localities 

 watered by streams, and perhaps they do so because small winged 

 insects can be captured in these localities, but butterflies cannot 

 affect streams for that reason. Let me suggest, in conclusion, that 

 experiments might be made to determine the rate of flight of some 

 of the larger species and the distance to which they may fly from 

 the place of emergence from the chrysalis. — James R. McClymont ; 

 La Preste, Pyr6n6es-Orientales, France. 



(The movements of P. apollo described suggest sexual attraction. 

 Did Mr. McClymont determine the sex of the disabled individual ? 

 — H. R.-B.) 



Ants in Amber. — Those entomologists who are interested in 

 ants or fossil insects should read Mr. H. Donisthorpe's notice of 

 Mr. W. M. Wheeler's ' The Ants of the Baltic Amber.' As this work 

 may not for some time be obtainable in England, Mr. Donisthorpe, in 

 five pages of the ' Ent. Record,' has given an excellent account of it 

 for present use. — W. J. Lucas. 



" Sacbrood " : a Bee Disease. — In ' Bull. 431, U.S. Dept. of 

 Agriculture' (Washington, D.C., 1917), Mr. G. F. White has given 

 in 55 pages a full account of this disease, illustrated by 4 plates and 

 33 very clear text-figures. "Sacbrood" is an infectious disease of the 

 brood of bees, to which adults are not susceptible. It is more frequent 

 in the first half of the brood-rearing season than in the second. 

 Since colonies have a strong tendency to recover from the disease 

 without treatment, its economic importance consists in the weakening 

 of a brood by loss in individuals. Mr. White considers that the 

 number of colonies which die out as a direct result of " sacbrood " is 

 comparatively small. — W. J. Lucas. 



William Kirby : Biographical Note. — It seems a far cry from 

 the " Letters of Dorothy Osborne to Sir WiUiam Temple (1652-54)," 

 recently published in the ' Wayfarer's Library,' to the above premier 

 entomologist ; yet every detail concerning the latter's career is of 

 interest to us. This William Temple married Dorothy, daughter of 

 Sir Peter Osborne, of Chicksands, in Beds., during 1654 ; and he died 

 1699. Their granddaughter Dorothy married Nicholas Bacon, Esq., 

 of Shrubland Hall, in Barham, which adjoins Coddenham, near 

 Ipswich ; she died 1758, leaving at least two sons. These wore 

 John Bacon, of Shrubland Hall, Esq., and the Rev. Nicholas Bacon, 

 Vicar of Coddenham, who survived. The latter's will was proved 

 P.C.C, December 16th, 1797 ; by it he gave the manor of the 



