45 
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES, CAPTURES, &c. 
RED MARKINGS ON PaPILio MACHAON AND P. xutaus.—With reference 
to Mr. Jenner Weir and Mr. Bowles’ articles on the above subject (vide 
Entom. xxiv. pp. 105 and 130), I may mention that amongst 22 P. machaon 
and 16 P. xuthus in my Japanese collection, only one, viz., a female of P. 
machaon, has any trace of red in the first submarginal lunule of the lower 
wing (upper side). Two of P. vuthus are without any traces of red, even 
in the seventh lunule at the anal angle; eleven show it but slightly, whereas in 
the remaining three almost the whole lunule is orange-red. Nine males of 
P. machaon show no trace of red in the sixth lunule, nine males and two 
females show it slightly, one female shows it very strongly, while in the 
remaining female the sixth lunule is almost entirely suffused with black. 
The less red there is in the anal angle lunule of the above-mentioned 
specimens of P. authus, the more the yellow in the fifth lunule is prolonged 
into the tail—T. E. Sansom; Yokohama. 
Puezism or Java Burrerriies.— Mr. Jenner Weir (Entom. xxiv. 226) 
suggests that there may be some connection between the murkiness of the 
atmosphere in Java and. the duskiness of butterflies from there compared 
with the same species from elsewhere. That, however, cannot be the 
reason, as, for climate and scenery, the mountainous interior of Java is 
probably unequalled in the tropical world. I believe, however, the damp- 
ness of the air may be the reason, and it would be interesting to see series 
of the same species taken on the coast plains, and at various elevations 
and distances from mountain summits. Near high mountains a heavy 
thunderstorm takes place almost every afternoon, whereas a few miles 
away there may not be a storm for several days, and of course the plains 
have regular dry seasons and (as this year) may be almost rainless for 
months. Doubtless most collections from Java have been made amongst 
the mountains, as far more species occur there than are found on the 
plains ; but although the atmosphere up there is excessively damp, the 
greater part of the day is usually very bright and clear.—T. EK. Sansom; 
Yokohama. 
ABERRATIONS OF VANESSA ANTIOPA.— Mr. South (Iintom. xxii. 219) 
quotes Maynard’s observations from ‘ Butterflies of New England’ on 
Vanessa antiopa var. hygiea, Heyd. Having in my possession two speci- 
mens of aberrations bred in 1888, by my nephew William Weruer, of 
Biedenkopf, Germany, which differ from the above, it may be of interest if 
I give descriptions of them. In specimen No. 1 the yellow border on the 
primaries broadens out and extends near the tip to the second costal spot, 
which it absorbs, as well as the usual submarginal dark band and blue 
spots, with the exception of one, which is, however, absent on the left 
wing. The secondaries are normal. In specimen No. 2 the first costal 
spot on the primaries is entirely missing; but the border expands con- 
siderably at the tip, and includes the second costal spot ; thence it descends, 
completely obliterating the dark band and blue spots on both wings, of 
which not a trace is visible, The yellow border in both specimens is 
thickly sprinkled with black dots, which form a smoky blackish patch on 
the angular extremity at the tip. The measurement in the centre of the 
border on either wings is fully three-eighths of an inch. The ground 
colour in both specimens is the ordinary rich brown. On the under side 
