58 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
secondiy, the closest observation, on my part, failed to detect 
the slightest difference among the hundreds of larve which, at one 
time or other, have passed through my hands, with this single 
exception, that in frequent specimens, the silvery tubercles along 
the sides were much whiter than in others. 
Kirby says A. caia is “common throughout Europe in July 
and August, except in the extreme south;” and that “ the North 
American A. americana does not appear to differ from A. caia by 
any constant characters.” He also adds, ‘ Many varieties may 
be obtained by rearing larve on plants placed in salt water; and 
specimens reared from larve which have been fed on walnut leaves 
are unusually dark.” According to Stainton, Kirby, Morris, 
Newman, and Wood, the upper wings are brown, or rich velvety 
brown with cream markings. Newman says, “ It is impossible to 
describe them.” If, however, cream be taken as the ground 
colour, it will be seen that the brown marks or blotches are 
symmetrical, and that the wing is, therefore, by no means difficult 
to describe. First, there is a minute, narrow, basal mark close 
to the thorax. Secondly, seated on the costal margin are three 
blotches ; the first, counting from the base, is small and rect- 
angular; the second, which is by far the most prominent mark 
on the insect, spans the central portion of the margin by three 
irregular lobes, and stretches beyond the middle of the wing ; the 
third blotch is a single but conspicuous lobe, stretching nearly 
halfway across the wing and deeply indented on the side nearest 
the outer margin. Thirdly, on the outer margin a blotch is 
seated on nearly its entire length. It consists of two broad, 
irregular lobes, the uppermost of which occupies the tip of the 
wing. We have now reached the inner angle, at which there is a 
small, wedge-shaped blotch or dot. Fourthly, on the inner 
margin are three blotches, stretching into the wing and nearly 
meeting the corresponding blotches on the costal margin; 
the third is the largest, and, like the costal blotch above it, is 
deeply indented on the side nearest the outer margin; the 
second is smaller and rectangular; the first is marrow and 
inconspicuous. ‘I'wo small, pear-shaped, basal marks, complete 
the ornamentation of the upper wing. 
The lower wings are “ reddish orange,” with two parallel rows 
of blue-black, circular, lustrous spots, each surrounded by a 
band of velvety black. The first row (nearest the base) consists 
of two spots of unequal size, the largest being nearest the 
anterior margin. The second row has four spots; the fourth, 
which is inconspicuous, is seated on the anterior margin and 
frequently joined to the third spot. Between these rows, and 
near the anterior margin, is an irregular and smaller black spot. 
The antenne are smoky white; the thorax brown; the body 
red, on the segments of which are six black bars. 
The insect with the central blotch on the costal margin three- 
