SOCIETIES. 251 
Evolution of Species,” in which he pointed out the great effect which 
isolation had indirectly in assisting divergence from types, and also 
endeavoured to prove that directly it had a decided effect in producing 
divergence, contrary to Wallace’s opinion, although that effect might 
be small, and at most able to produce species, not genera.—CoLBRAN 
J. Warnwricut, Hon. Sec. 
LancasHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENToMOLOGICAL Sociery.—Sept. 12th.— 
Mr. 8. J. Capper, F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the chair. Mr. F. N. 
Pierce, F'.H.S., read a paper entitled ‘Some further researches upon the 
genital structure of Lepidoptera.” The author described the different 
species In the genera Acronycta, Agrotis, Noctua, &c., aud showed that in 
cases where the identity or otherwise of species was disputed the genitalia 
might often be used as a sure means of differentiation. ‘The paper was 
illustrated by the author's preparations of these parts thrown upon a screen 
by the aid of the oxyhydrogen micro lantern, and by photographs and 
specimens of each species described. The President exhibited varieties of 
Angerona prunaria. Messrs. Gregson and Robson, challenge series of 
Abraxas grossulariata, showing variation produced by food. Mr. Scow- 
croft, varieties of Xanthia cerago. Mr. William Johnson, a fine variety of 
Vanessa urtice, which had the ground colour very pale ; Bombyx rubi, with 
the bands absent; and Orgyia fascelina, with a mass of dark scales near 
the centre of the costa of the fore wings. Mr. Prince, varieties of Abraxas 
grossulariata; and a specimen of ,Colias edusa nearly the variety helice, 
captured at Wallasey. Mr. Harker, C. edusa trom Crosby. Mr. Crabtree, 
a long series of C. edusa, captured at Sidmouth, S. Devon, who remarked 
that he had only taken one var. helice among fifty-six edusa.—l’. N. 
Pierce, Hon. See. 
York anD. District Firrtp Narurauists’ Sociery.—August 10th, 
1892.—Mr. J. Hawkius exhibited imagines of Apamea unanimis, Hadena 
dentina, Bupalus piniaria, including a very dark specimen of the latter, and 
one with ground colour yellow instead of white, from York ; also living larvee 
ot Acronycta leporina, A. menyanthidis, Hriogaster lanestris, Spilosoma 
menthastri, Panolis piniperda, and Acidalia remutata, from York. Mr. W. 
Hawkins, dcidalia scutulata, Lithosia mesomella, and tine varieties ot 
Abraxas yrossulariata (bred) Mr. R. Dutton, Cymatophora duplaris, 
Cidaria silaceata (bred), Kllopia fasciaria, pale form of Abraxas ulmata 
(bred) from Doncaster, a long and fine series of Hpione vespertaria (bred), 
Eipinephele hyperanthus (minus rings), and varieties of A. grossulariata 
(bred), from York. Mr. W. Hewett, Yeniocampa gothica var., Demas 
coryli, &c., from Burnharvie; a peculiar variety of Asthena blomeri trom 
Sledmere, Yorks.; Larentia ce@siata from Coxwold, Yorks.; a beautiful 
pink-bordered variety of Hpione vespertaria trom York; Zygena lonicere 
var. semilutescens, and two specimens with the five spots confluent (bred 
this season), from York; also Spilosoma fuliginosa var. borealis, bred from 
larve obtained near York. Reterring to the latter, Mr. Hewett remarked 
that grey, brown, and black larve of this species had all produced one form, 
Living larve of deronycta alni and Papilio machaon trom Cambridgeshire 
were also exhibited. 
September 14th.—Mr, 8. Walker exhibited Acronycta menyanthidis 
(bred) from Darlington and Strensall Common, near York (one of the 
imagines from the last-named locality being very dark); U’riphena subsequa, 
taken by himself at sugar near Winchester, July 6th, 1892; Notodunta 
