LIFE-HISTORY OF CARTEROCEPHALUS PALAIMON. 955 
On March 12th it slightly advanced to the end of its hyber- 
naculum, so that its head protruded. It so remained until 
March 21st, when it quitted its abode, and I then obtained 
another portrait of it; and upon again measuring it I found it 
had become less in length since it commenced hybernating, it 
then being (March 21st) three-quarters of an inch long; and the 
colour had also again changed to a delicate cream or very pale 
primrose, inclining to a pinkish hue, and the lines were pinky 
drab and very clearly defined, the subdorsal lines being separated 
by an almost pure white stripe; the head remained unaltered in 
colour. Since hybernation it did not feed at all, and generally 
remained quiet, lying along a grass-blade, which evidently was 
on cane by the low temperature during the latter part of 
arch. 
April 1st, being warm and bright, I placed the plant in the 
sun, which soon revived the larva, as it began moving restlessly 
about, and soon began to spin the tips of the grass together. On 
the following day I noticed it remained in the same position all 
day, but at times moving its head from side to side, evidently still 
spinning more threads. On closely examining it on April 3rd, I 
found it in precisely the same position, but motionless, and pre- 
pared for pupation. It had drawn together with silk six blades 
of grass at the ends, forming a tent-like structure, and along the 
surface of one of the broadest a little carpet of silk was spun, 
upon which it rested with its head uppermost; a silk cord also 
encircled its body round the fourth segment. 
On April 8th, at mid-day, it pupated. I observed it just in 
the act of casting the larval skin, which it quickly accomplished ; 
_ by raising and curving its body it became detached from the 
shrivelled skin. When thus free it was only suspended by the 
cord around its middle, and then it at once began feeling for the 
silk on the grass with the anal segment (the larval skin still 
adhering to the silk) by lowering and curving the body over the 
slough until it reached the silk, when immediately some of the 
anal hooks anchored to it. It then remained quiet for about a 
minute, as if resting after its exertions, and then writhed itself 
to and fro, with evident labour, each time gradually pushing 
aside the slough, and again rested, which process it repeated 
several times, resting for about a minute between each effort, 
until it finally became quite firmly attached to the silk and the 
slough hanging by the side of the anal segment. The process of 
securing itself occupied about twenty minutes. The larva re- 
mained fixed for pupation at least five days. Altogether it was 
two hundred and eighty-nine days in the larval state. In 
three hours after pupation it assumed its final form and colour, 
having altered but very little in colour from the last coloration 
of the larva. 
The pupa measures five-eighths of an inch in length, is fairly 
2B2 
