THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 



the general or partial leaf-stalks, or sometimes on the edge of 

 the leaf, in a variety of altitudes ; some parallel with the 

 object on which they are resting; others forming an obtuse 

 angle with it; others erect; and others looped, after the 

 ordinary manner of geometers when travelling: the 2nd seg- 

 ment has two pointed horn-like projections directed forwards, 

 and concealing the head if viewed I'roni above ; they are of a 

 pale green colour, the surface of the skin frosted with white, 

 the tips of the horn-like projections tinged with red, brown, or 

 purple, and the head deep purple, contrasting strongly with 

 the almost colourless body. About the middle of last June 

 the Kev. P. H, Jennings most kindly supplied me with a 

 number of the larvae of Vernaria; and, when quite full grown, 

 I described one as follows : — Rests in nearly a straight 

 position, firmly attached by its anal and ventral claspers to a 

 twig or leaf-stalk of its food-plant, from which it projects 

 with the rigidity of a stick at an angle of about 45 degrees : 

 the head is prone, deeply divided on the crown, and the two 

 divisions are produced into acute points, directed forwards 

 like ears ; the face is flat, and the mouth bent under and 

 brought into contact with the legs, which are massed 

 together, forming a lump beneath the head ; the body is 

 dilated on the sides by the presence of a rigid skinfold, 

 almost resembling a lateral keel ; the 2nd segment is produced 

 dorsally into two acute points, similar to those of the head, 

 but rather longer, and, like these, directed forwards; the 

 9th, 10th and 11th segments are incrassated; the anal flap is 

 triangular and pointed, it is equal in length to the anal 

 claspers; the body is transversely wrinkled, and every part 

 of the head and body is finely shagreened. The colour of the 

 head and legs is purple-brown ; the body is green, exactly of 

 the same tint as the twigs of the clematis on which it feeds ; 

 and the frosted appearance of the surface (each point of the 

 shagreen being tipped with white) makes the resemblance to 

 a growing and succulent twig still more exact; the spiracles 

 are ochreous. On the 26th of June the first larva changed to 

 a pupa, and on the 8th of July to an imago : the thorax of the 

 pupa is smooth but not glabrous, being coarsely punctured ; 

 it is suspended by the tail, which is furnished with minute 

 hooks adapted for the purpose, as in the Suspeusi among the 

 butterflies; the colour is green, excepting the eyes and 

 antennae, which are tinged with purple. — Edward Newman, 



