330 THE ENTOMOLOGISt. 



Reading, though Edusa is generally common on the railway 

 banks. — E. B. Poulton ; Victoria Villa, Reading, February 

 8, 1873. 



Hybernal Emergence and Cannibalism of the LarvcB of 

 Machaon. — I was in Norfolk last July, and took a number of 

 the larvae of Machaon; it was on the 10th of the month. 

 Many of the larvae were full fed, and changed into pupae in a 

 day or two. I supposed they would remain in that state 

 until next spring; but on the eleventh day, from the time the 

 first larva changed into a pupa, to my astonishment I found 

 in my box a beautiful specimen of the butterfly; ten in all 

 came out in a few days. The remainder of the pupae (about 

 a hundred) I have still by me. You will remeu)ber the 

 weather at the time I allude to was especially hot, which may 

 account for the early development of the matured insect. I 

 discovered some of the pupae, before the shells were hardened, 

 in a broken condition, as well as diminished in size. I could 

 not understand the cause of this, and therefore watched my 

 cage very narrowly, when I discovered the newly-changed 

 pupae being eaten by the larvae. This I witnessed ; and 1 had 

 to use great precaution or I should have lost all my treasures. 

 I should have written to you at the time, but thinking 

 possibly my experience was not uncouimon, I delayed doing 

 so. — ^Rev.] Frederick Clere ; Brighton, January 29, 1873. 



Migration of Butterflies. — In a late number of the ' Field' 

 newspaper Mr. Holdsworlh contributed a most valuable 

 paper on the " Migration of Butterflies in Ceylon," and stated 

 in the course of his observations that they flew against the 

 wind. To this statement Dr. Boyd Moss takes strong 

 objection, averring that it is contrary to his experience of 

 the same country. To Dr. Moss's objection Mr. Holdsworth 

 makes the following rejoinder in the ' Field' of December 28. 

 My opinion is that Mr. Holdsworth is far too good an 

 observer to be mistaken as to facts, and in that belief I 

 transferred his letter to a previous number of the ' Ento- 

 mologist.' 



"I submit with becoming humility to Dr. Boyd Moss's 

 somewhat heavy lash for having said that the migration of 

 butterflies in Ceylon is always made against the wiud. I 

 should have added — what 1 certainly meant when I wrote — 

 within my experience. With this addition, then, I present 



