TPIE ENTOMOLOGIST. 511 



under the insect. Subanal and anal plates fawn-colour; the 

 first edged with black, and tlie last dull rugose, projecting 

 behind, and armed with short spines; there is also a single 

 short spine in the lower row of black spots, and a few short 

 hairs on the head and body, requiring a good glass to see 

 them : otherwise the insect is suffused with glabrous fawn- 

 colour, slightly appressed below the subdorsal. On the 1st 

 of July, the food of the larvae being exliausted, they were eating 

 into fibres of roots not so large as themselves, swelling the 

 skin of the roots out. Supplied with fresh roots of Pastinaca 

 sativa and Heracleum sphondylium they ate into them, and 

 were at home in either. On the 12lh, the larvag, in wild parsnip- 

 roots, were full-fed : length one and a half inch ; colour full rich 

 fawn, suffused outwards, fading to creamy ash on the sides. 

 Body stout, constricted at the annulations. Head distinctly 

 heart-shaped, bright, shining fawn-colour ; the lips darker. 

 Corslet light fawn-colour, edged with black, broadest in 

 front; spots as in the last-described state, but larger and 

 belter defined. Anal plates : first small, edged with black ; 

 and the second still large, rough, and projecting. This 

 is a stout, large, constricted, glossy, glabrous larva, round 

 above, but spread out below on its sides, which are puckered, 

 and is altogether like an overgrown Tortrix larva: it leaves 

 the plant-root, and makes up in the earth, in July and August, 

 and appears early in September, the female living through the 

 winter in a torpid stale ; in fact, 1 have observed them daily 

 throughout the winter, and found them exactly in the same 

 position in March which they had taken up in October. 

 Specimens fed on wild parsnips are larger and brighter- 

 coloured than when fed upon cow-parsnep and much more 

 liable to grease ; but since Pastinaca sativa is more abundant 

 on our sand-hills, I usually collect it as food for this insect. 

 — C. S. Gregson ; Rose Bank, Edge Lane^ Liverpool, July ], 

 1873. 



Description of the Larva of (Ecophora pseudosprefella. — 

 Length half to five-eighths of an inch; somewhat hairy; 

 colour creamy white (wax-like); stout; slightly appressed; 

 annulations deeply constricted. Head brownish, horny. 

 Corslet colourless; anal segments white, horn-like. Feet 

 light. Whole insect creamy white, stout. Spins a white 

 cocoon, and lives therein, feeding upon, I may say, any- 



