DIFFERENCES OF EREBIA LIGEA, L,, AND EREBIA EURYALE, ESP. 27 



are plenty of intermediate forms, as shown by the illustration 

 (pi. iii). 



These intermediate forms are described by Wallengren 

 (' Skandinaviens Dagfjarilar,' p. 52) as follows : 



(a) H. ws. un. s., uniform dark brown with 3-4 ocelli, 



and a short white streak. 



(b) H. ws. un. s., dark brown with a fulvous band, and 



the whitish streak more prolonged; ocelli as in 

 the preceding form. 



(c) H. ws. un, s., dark brown, paler towards the base, 



with whitish band ; ocelli obsolete, 



(d) H. ws , as in the preceding form, but without the 



whitish band. 



Tije last described may be called ab, ohsoleta, new ab, 



Wallengren makes no mention of euri/ale, or var. adijte in 

 Scandinavia, and Kirby in bis catalogue correctly assigns adifte 

 to euryale, in this, as in so many other instances where he 

 differs from Staudinger, showing the care with which he assigned 

 his species. 



I have examined the several series of ligea, euryale, and 

 adyte in the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, 

 where I find adyte placed as a variety (^ subspecies*) of 

 ligea, but, in all examples from Norway, the rusty band of the 

 fore wings is not pinched in at space 3, and the fourth spot is 

 almost invariably present, though sometimes very small. In 

 the "adyte" from Finland, the under-side of the hind wings 

 is uniform brown, but there is no example without some trace 

 of white on the under-side of the hind wings in the Norwegian 

 series. Of those labelled var. livonica, Teich, all the males 

 except one are marked with the white of ligea, whereas the 

 distinguishing character of this form is stated to be that the 

 under-side of the hind wings is uniform brown. In my own 

 collection all borealis show a trace at least of pure white at the 

 inner margin of the median band. 



M, Oberthiir says ('Lepid, Compar^e,' fasc. iii, p. 331) that 

 he has adyte from Bod0 which do not correspond with Hiibuer's 

 figs. 759-60 ; the form in his collection from Swedish Lapland, 

 "certain examples of which appear to make a passage towards 

 ligea," are also clearly of my borealis formt Herr Sparre 

 Schneider, too, has investigated j the relationship of the arctic 

 ligea and the suppositious euryale. He gives a figure of the 

 upper side of the fore wing of the Tromso form (in my copy 

 uncoloured) which is certainly ligea, and figures the scales of 



* Gp. " On the Naming of Local Kaces, Subspecies, Aberrations, Seasonal 

 Forms, etc.," by Lord Rothschild, F.E.S., etc. 'Trans. Ent. Soc. London,' 1917, 

 pp. 115-116. 



t Erebia ligea (? euryale) var. adyte, 'Entomologist,' 11, p. 137, should be, 

 therefore, Erebia ligea borealis. 



I Tromso Museums Aarshefter 15, 1892. 



