LEPIDOPTERA FROM SOUTH NORWAY. 66 



but the lovely little Pyrola vni flora is very local. About the 

 cultivated gronnd lar-^e patches of a brilliant blue Viola tricolor 

 are a beautiful sight in spring. Another striking plant for 

 colour is Lychnis viscaria. 



An arm of the Fjord reaches inland to within three and a 

 half miles of Vigeland. Near it, and also along tlie river and 

 up some of the valley sides, there are large areas of copse-wood. 

 This is cut for firewood, mostly by selection, and not clear cut 

 as it is in this country. 



Lalies, large and small, abound. The smaller ones are 

 being slowly converted by the growth of vegetation round their 

 margins into bogs, which have already taken the place of lakes 

 in many valley bottoms and now cover a large area. In shallow 

 lakes Lobelia dortmanna appears above the water over large 

 areas and yellow and white water-lilies grow in the deeper parts. 

 Heather bog myrtle, Andromeda polifolia, and rarely Cloudberry 

 grow on the drier part of the bogs, with cotton and other grasses, 

 Vaccinium oxycoccos, Drosera longifolia, Viola paliistris, Pinguicula 

 and Bog Asphodel are scattered over the sphagnum in the wetter 

 parts. 



Among other plants occuring at Vigeland I may mention 

 GnayhaUum dioica, LLypericmn elodes, Potentilla comarum, Caltha 

 palustris, Silene nutans, Diantluis armeria, Gentiana amarella, 

 Listera cordata, LLabenaria bifolia, Chrysanthennim bipinnatum, 

 Sedum telephimn, Pimpinella saxifraga and many others, and of 

 shrubs, the showy Sambuciis racemosus. 



EHOPALOCEEA. 



Papilionid^ : Papilio machaon, on wing May, larva on Pimpinella 

 saxifraga; Parnassius {'? apollo), seen occasionally. Sechim telephium, 

 is common and also Saxifraga aizoides, food-plant of P. delius ; Aporia 

 cratcegi, May, June and July ; bred from colony of larva on mountain 

 ash, 1910 ; a darker shade along margins of wings than my French 

 or Swiss specimens; Pieris napi, May and August; Euchloe carda- 

 mines, abundant. May and June ; Leptosia sinapis, end of June ; two 

 specimens with dusky tops very faint ; Gonepteryx rhamni, common. 



NYMPHALiDa] : Polygonia c-album, bred from larva on hop at 

 Vigeland, and sallow at Voksenkollen ; Euvanessa antiopa, bred from 

 larva, 1910 ; colony on sallow. 



Melitcea athalia, June and July, 1906 ; Brenthis selene, June and 

 July, 1900, 1906 ; B. pales, var. arsilache, July, 1906, July 10th, 1908; 

 Issoria'lathonia, May 30th, 1905; ArgTjnnis aglaia, July, 1900, May, 

 "1909, 1912; A. niohe, July 21st, 1900; var. eris, July, 1900; 

 A. cydip'pe, July, 1900; Dryas paphia, July, 1900, August, 1909. 



Erebia cetlnops, July, 1910, at Valle in Ssetersdal ; E. ligea, July, 

 1900, 1910 and 1912, and at Bykle ; Sffitersdal, July, 1910. 



Htpimrcliia semele, July 23rd, 1905. 



Pararqe egeria, var. egerides, July 8th, 1904, May 30th, 1905 ; 

 P. hiera, June 2nd, 1904, May SOth, 1905, June 25th, July 12th,- 1907; 



ENTOM. — MARCH, 1919. G 



