110 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



trace of (sgon did we find. Whitbarrow is indeed a typical^ 

 dry, fissured limestone hill, the strata dipping to the east and 

 south-east, so that the top presents a series of dry grassy 

 terraces alternating with sheets of loose, broken fragments of the 

 rock, marking the outcrops of the strata. These give the white, 

 bald appearance of the top when seen from the south. Parts of 

 the top are occupied by plantations, and a considerable area has 

 recently been planted and enclosed by a high wire fence to keep 

 out the deer. Of course we found no trace of a peat-moss up 

 here, and, indeed, the conditions are such as to exclude the 

 possibility of peat formation. 



With the kind assistance of Mr. Stanley Edwards I have, 

 since my return, found the reference to Hodgkinson's paper on 

 which the record is founded. It is in the ' Entomologist's 

 Weekly Intelligencer,' 1861, p. 139. He says that he started on 

 July i4th to visit Whitbarrow Scar, and gives a list of the 

 s{)ecies taken on this and the following day. The only butterfly 

 mentioned besides P. agon is Coenonympha davus which we now 

 call C. tiphon. 



Now Hodgkinson, though an excellent entomologist, was at 

 very little pains as to the form in which he recorded his observa- 

 tions ; and while the reader might at first sight conclude that 

 the insects recorded were all found on Whitbarrow Scar, I am 

 inclined to think that what Hodgkinson set out to do was to put 

 on record the species he had obtained on his whole expedition, 

 which had the Scar (and the coveted Ar/rotis ashworthii) as its 

 ultimate object. His home was, I understand, in Preston, 

 Lancashire, and he would probably go by rail to Grange — the 

 line to Ulverstone was, I learn from Mr. Davis Ward, opened in 

 1857 — and on his way to Whitbarrow he would be most likely to 

 visit Witherslack Moss, on which he had taken agon five years 

 before, and which, as we have seen, is also the home of C. tiphon. 

 That both these species, so strictly limited (unless we accept 

 Hodgkinson's record at its face value) to peat country, should 

 have been found, and together, 700 ft. up on a dry limestone hill 

 appears a priori most improbable, and the fact that Mr. Pearson 

 and I failed to find them there, under ideal conditions of date 

 and weather, is, for me at least, additional evidence in favour of 

 erasing the references to Whitbarrow Scar from the record of the 

 distribution oiagon from pp. 203 and 229 of Tutt's invaluable work. 



On our last day (July 17th) at Witherslack I went to Arnside 

 Knott, in company with Mr. Davis Ward on the chance of finding 

 E. (Bthiops on the finely wooded top of the hill. We were, how- 

 ever, too early for it. A few weeks later I had the pleasure of 

 receiving from him a good series of this beautiful insect, which I 

 have not taken in Britain. Not even in the New Forest have 

 I seen A. adippe in such profusion as it is at this locality. I have 

 already described the occurrence here of A. medon var. salmacis. 



