New Plants ivitJiout Seed 



89 



are propagated. Kleijiia articnlata, which grows about Uiten- 

 hage, propagates naturally by cuttings. The fleshy stems are 

 jointed or constricted at intervals. A strong wind breaks the 

 plant at these joints, and new shoots start from the axils of 

 the leaves. 



Grafting and Budding.— When plants are grown from 

 seeds they often differ from the parent plant, 

 owing to the fact that the ovules have been 

 cross fertilized, i.e. pollen has been brought 

 from another variety or species. Grafting 

 is then resorted to to insure retaining the 

 desirable fruit. By this method, new and 

 delicate varieties may be introduced into the 

 country by grafting on to hardy plants, as in 

 grafting varieties of grape on to the American 

 vines. 



Grafting has another advantage, as trees 



The various elements in the process of budding. 



Fig. 92. — Grafting ; d, 

 the stock to which 

 the graft is attached. 



(From Thome and Bennett's "Structural and Physiological Botany.") 



grown from seed take several years to bear fruit. Buds of the 

 first or second order, that is, those borne on trees one or two 

 years old, do not develop fruit-buds, but leaf-spurs. By using 

 grafting scions of a higher order, fruit will be borne much 

 sooner. 



To graft in a simple form, select two branches of the same 

 species; cut from each a portion of the bark and a little wood, 



