Flowers and their Parts 



103 



(3) Stamens, made up of filaments and anther. 



(4) Pistil, ,, ,, ovary, style, and stigma. 

 A perfect flower has — ■ 



(1) Stamens. 



(2) Pistil. 



Practise making out the four whorls of flowers. Find 

 other flowers which are pistillate or staminate. 



Do not try to remember any of these names until you have 

 seen the parts themselves. 



Different kinds of Pistils. — The long style of Hibiscus 

 is necessary to bring the stigma out beyond the stamens. In 



Fig. ic6. — Diagrammatic sections of ovaries: /, the placenta, to which the seeds are 

 attached. A, apocarpous ; B, C, D, syncarpous, (From Edmonds and Marloth's 

 " Elementary Botany.") 



some Orfiithogalums and in Allnica the stigma sits directly 

 on the ovary. The style is not in all cases necessary to the 

 pistil. It depends upon the shape of the flower. 



If a flower has two or more carpels, they generally grow 

 together. A syncarpous 

 ovary may be one-, two-, 

 three-, four-, or many- 

 celled (or uni-, bi-, tri-, 

 quadri-, or plurilocular). 



As the ovaries are 

 variously formed, the 

 ovules are placed in dif- 

 ferent positions. In the 

 bean they are placed on 



the upper edge of the ovary ; in orchids, violets, and Drosera 

 the ovary is made up of three or five carpels which just meet 

 at the edges. The joinings make three thick ridges the length 



<^ 



3 d d <iaTmr, 



Fig. 107. — I. Marginal piscentation. II. Unilo- 

 cular ovarj-, with free central placenta. (From 

 Edmonds' " Elementary Botany.") 



