I04 Plants and their Ways in South Africa 



of the ovary. The part upon which the seeds are placed 

 is called a placenta. In Or7iithogalum and Gladiolus the 



III. IV. V. 



Fig. 108. — I. Stamen of Pinus sylvest7-is with longitudinal dehiscence (magnified). 



II. Stamen of barberry, the anther opening by recurved valves (magnified). 



III. Stamen of Rhododendron, each anther lobe opening by a pore. IV. Stamen of 

 bay, Lanrjis nobilis, with two glands at the base of the filament, the anther opening 

 by recurved valves. V. Stamen of Erica, the anther opening by pores and bearing 

 two appendages at its base (magnified). (From Thome and Bennett's "Structural 

 and Physiological Botany.") 



three carpels curve in until they meet at the centre of the 

 ovary. In carnations, " Poor Man's Weather-glass " {A7ia- 



gallis), and Porttilacaria (Spek- 

 boom) the ovules are borne on a 

 column, the end of the flower-stalk or 

 receptacle ; they are free from the 

 wall of the ovary. 



These three kinds of arrangement 

 or placentation are marginal, 

 which includes the parietal, and 

 axile, and free central placenta- 

 tion. 



Different kinds of Stamens. — 

 Most stamens have long filaments, but 

 in some flowers the filaments are 

 very short, and in Protea they have 

 disappeared. Like the style and the 

 petiole of a leaf, they are present only 

 to place the essential part of the organ in a favourable position. 



Fig 109. — One-celled swinging 

 anthers of Restio. (From 

 Edmonds and Marloth's " Ele- 

 mentary Botany for South 

 Africa.") 



