Classification of Plants 



161 



Alg.e. 



Mosses, 



Ferns. 



Bacteria and Fungi. 



Synopsis of Orders. 



The arrangement of flowering plants is adapted from the 

 more natural system of Engler.^ 



Cryptogams, — Plants withoul seeds, scattered by 

 spores. 

 A. Plants green. 



B. Spores borne in water. 



Leafless water plants .... 



BB. Spores borne in air. 



Leafy plants. Spore cases borne at the 

 end of a stalk ..... 



Plants with roots and wood vessels. 

 Spore cases on the under side of the 

 leaves ...... 



AA. Plants not green. 



Parasites and saprophytes 

 Ph.^nogams. — Plants scattered by seeds. 



Gymnosperms. — Seeds naked, borne in berries 

 or cones. 

 Woody plants ; trunk unbranched ; leaves 



divided Cycadace.e. 



Trees ; trunk branched ; leaves undivided . CONIFER/E. 

 Flowers with perianth. Plants without resin GNETACE.li. 

 Angiosperms. — Seeds enclosed in ovaries. 

 Class I. Monocotyledons. — Embryo with one 

 cotyledon. Leaves mostly parallel 

 veined, with broad sheathing bases. 

 Flowers on the plan of three. 

 A. Glumiflora. — Flowers without peri- 

 anth, or if present bristle-like, in the 

 axils of dry chaffy scales ; arranged in 

 spikes or spikelets. 

 Anthers joined at base to filaments ; 

 stem solid ; sheath of leaf not split ; 

 no ligule ; phyllotaxy ^ . . . Cyperace/E, 

 Anthers swinging (versatile). Stem 

 usually hollow, leaf sheath split ; ligule 

 present ; phyllotaxy \ . . . GraMINACE.^. 



AA. Petaloide^. — Flowers usually iwith 

 perianth, either showy or chaffy. Car- 

 pels united into a compound ovary. 



* Since the synopsis is greatly condensed, orders which show the 

 relationships are often necessarily omitted. 



M 



